Profile of cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving statin therapy: A cross-sectional study

Ikhsan, Yasmin Karimah; Soelistijo, Soebagijo Adi; Putranto, Johanes Nugroho Eko

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103368

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The current study also revealed that in the Framingham risk score high-risk category, there is a higher proportion of patients, 33.3%, who smoke or use tobacco as compared to patients with moderate and low risk. Likewise, Ikhsan et al showed a high prevalence of current smoking in patients in the high-risk category, encompassing 65.7%, and it was significant (p=0.009) [20]. Smoking elevates the likelihood of developing CVD through direct damage to the endothelium caused by toxic substances present in cigarettes, such as carbon monoxide and nicotine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the Framingham Risk Score

Rathod,

Moukthika,

Karikunnel

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: The global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is continuously increasing, particularly in India. The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher in T2DM individuals when compared to nondiabetics, which imposes significant morbidity and mortality. The main aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for CVD in T2DM patients. The secondary aim was to assess the association between cardiovascular risk profile and 10-year cardiovascular risk using the Framingham risk score.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 110 T2DM patients, and the anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The Framingham cardiovascular risk prediction model was used to calculate the 10-year risk for CVD. The CVD risk factor was compared among the genders. Further, the association between the Framingham cardiovascular risk and the various categories of risk factors was also analyzed.Results: Based on the Framingham cardiovascular risk score, 23 (20.9%) were at low risk, 39 (35.5%) were at moderate risk, and 48 (43.6%) were at low risk. A higher proportion of males had hypertension (55.2 vs. 17.3%; p=0.007), elevated cholesterol levels (48.3% vs. 23.1%; p=0.008), and smoking or tobacco use (31% vs. 7.7%; p=0.006) as compared to females. The significant risk factors for high 10-year CVD risk were hypertension (p=0.001), elevated total cholesterol (p=0.03), smoking or tobacco use (p=0.007), and glycemic control (p=0.04). Conclusion:The Framingham cardiovascular risk score estimates reveal that male gender, hypertension, smoking, and uncontrolled diabetes are the important risk factors for CVD progression among diabetic patients. Therefore, it is imperative to generate awareness regarding the potential risks and then implement suitable interventions during the early phases at the primary healthcare level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the Framingham Risk Score

Rathod,

Moukthika,

Karikunnel

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…15 Diabetes adalah penyakit yang terkait dengan kadar glukosa dalam darah, di mana saat terjadi hiperglikemia, darah akan mengalami peningkatan viskositas sehingga pasokan darah ke jaringan terhambat dan memiliki risiko tinggi terkena atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). 29 Hiperglikemia berkaitan dengan beberapa faktor risiko stroke, termasuk aterosklerosis yang dipercepat, peningkatan carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), dan penyakit jantung iskemik. 30 Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pasien stroke iskemik fase akut terbanyak memiliki kadar GDP 70-99 mg/dL (normal) (32,5%) (Tabel 5).…”

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Gambaran Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2022

Mangontan,

Berhimpon,

Wowor

2024

MSJ

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Ischemic stroke is the most common type of strokes, especially in patients with history of diabetes—a non-modifiable risk factor. Hyperglycemia is common in acute ischemic stroke patients, whether with or without history of diabetes. This study aimed to obtain the overview of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in ischemic stroke patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in 2022. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using secondary data from medical records of ischemic stroke patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou in 2022 using total sampling method. The results showed that of 40 samples, the predominance were female patients (55.0%) with FBG levels of ≥126 mg/dL (27.5%), aged 56–65 (35.0%) with FBG levels of ≥126 mg/dL (12.5%), without history of diabetes (70.0%) with FBG levels of 70–99 mg/dL (30.0%), and stroke in the acute phase (90.0%) with FBG levels of 70–99 mg/dL (32.5%). In conclusion, ischemic stroke patients were predominantly female and aged 56–65 with hyperglycemic FBG levels. Additionally, most patients had no history of diabetes and were in the acute phase with normal FBG levels. Keywords: fasting blood glucose; ischemic stroke; diabetes mellitus Abstrak: Stroke iskemik merupakan jenis stroke yang paling sering ditemukan, terutama pada pasien dengan riwayat diabetes. Diabetes merupakan faktor risiko stroke yang tidak dapat diubah. Keadaan hiperglikemia umum ditemukan pada pasien stroke iskemik akut, baik dengan atau tanpa riwayat diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2022. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou tahun 2022 diperoleh dengan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 40 sampel pasien dengan stroke iskemik yang didominasi oleh jenis kelamin perempuan (55,0%) dengan kadar GDP ≥126 mg/dL (27,5%), usia 56–65 (35,0%) dengan kadar GDP ≥126 mg/dL (12,5%), tanpa riwayat diabetes melitus (70,0%) dengan kadar GDP 70–99 mg/dL (30,0%), dan stroke fase akut (90,0%) dengan kadar GDP 70–99 mg/dL (32,5%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2022 didominasi oleh perempuan dan kelompok usia 56–65 dengan kadar GDP hiperglikemia, serta tanpa riwayat diabetes melitus dan fase akut dengan kadar GDP normal. Kata kunci: glukosa darah puasa; stroke iskemik; diabetes melitus

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Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Patients

Amelia

Wahyuni

Yunanda

et al. 2023

CDR

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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated levels of blood glucose. The hyperglycemic condition is caused by abnormalities in either insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Two-thirds of diabetes-related deaths are caused by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of ASCVD and related factors in type 2 DM patients in Medan, North Sumatra. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 252 DM patients visiting primary health centers in Medan were recruited after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The level of risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was determined by using ASCVD Risk Calculator. Data required to use this calculator are age, sex, race, total cholesterol, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, history of hypertension treatment, smoking history, and use of statins for anti-hyperlipidemia. The data were then analyzed with Chi-square Test (p<0.0%) and processed with SPSS. Results: There were 59 (23.41%), 140 (55.56%), and 53 (21.03%) participants who had high, moderate, and low risks of ASCVD, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between the risk of ASCVD with age, SBP, total cholesterol level, HDL-C levels, and duration of diabetes (p<0.05). Meanwhile, gender and familial history were not related to ASCVD risks among DM patients (p>0.05). result: There were 59 (23.41%), 140 (55.56%), and 53 (21.03%) participants who had high, moderate, and low risks of ASCVD respectively. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between age, SBP, total cholesterol level, HDL-C levels, and duration of diabetes with ASCVD risks (p<0>0.05). Conclusion: The risks for atherosclerotic complications of cardiovascular disease in type 2 DM patients in Medan were predominantly high. The variables related to ASCVD risks included age, gender, HbA1C, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol levels, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels. conclusion: The risks of ASCVD in type 2 DM patients in Medan were predominantly moderate to high. The variables related to ASCVD risks included age, SBP, total cholesterol levels, HDL levels, and duration of diabetes mellitus.

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Profile of cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving statin therapy: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the Framingham Risk Score

A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the Framingham Risk Score

Gambaran Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2022

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Patients

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