Profile of cortisol during the ontogeny of the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer

Sampathkumar, R.; Byers, Ralph; Munro, A.D.; Lam, T.J.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)00364-t

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The rapid decrease in cortisol that we observed during the first stages of embryonic development in carp has also been reported for Japanese flounder, chum salmon, tilapia, rainbow trout and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) (De Jesus et al 1991, De Jesus & Hirano 1992, Hwang et al 1992, Hwang & Wu 1993, Barry et al 1995, Sampath-Kumar et al 1995. This points to metabolisation in the embryos of the cortisol of maternal origin.…”

Section: Structural Development Of the Hpi Axissupporting

confidence: 52%

“…As mentioned above, teleost embryos have been shown to metabolise steroids from the day of fertilisation of the eggs, and we suggest that eggs may utilise maternal cortisol during early development as long as the interrenal gland is not yet functional. Most authors showed that whole-body cortisol levels decreased during the whole course of embryonic development of different species (De Jesus et al 1991, Hwang et al 1992, Hwang & Wu 1993, Barry et al 1995, Sampath-Kumar et al 1995, and these authors could not demonstrate endogenous cortisol production before hatching. In contrast, our observations on carp show that the levels of this hormone markedly increased 36 h after fertilisation, which demonstrates that endogenous production had already started well before hatching.…”

Section: Structural Development Of the Hpi Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No literature is available on the clearance of ACTH and -MSH during early development. Several studies on different fish species showed that, in fertilised eggs, corticosteroids as well as sex steroids and thyroid hormones can be metabolised (De Jesus et al 1991, De Jesus & Hirano 1992, Hwang et al 1992, Hwang & Wu 1993, Barry et al 1995, Sampath-Kumar et al 1995. Importantly, endogenous ACTH and -MSH production occurred in the carp embryos before cortisol production had started.…”

Section: Structural Development Of the Hpi Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of cortisol has been demonstrated in eggs and larvae of various cichlid and salmonid species (De Jesus & Hirano 1992, Hwang et al 1992, Hwang & Wu 1993, Barry et al 1995. In unfertilised fish eggs, cortisol is already present because of maternal transfer during oogenesis (Feist et al 1990), but endogenous cortisol production does not start before hatching (De Jesus et al 1991, Hwang et al 1992, Hwang & Wu 1993, Barry et al 1995, Sampath-Kumar et al 1995. Studies on salmonid species have indicated that ACTH as well as -MSH immunopositive cells are present in the pituitary glands of fish embryos (Naito et al 1993, Saga et al 1993, although the onset of production of these hormones and their concentrations have not yet been determined in these life stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress responsiveness of the pituitary-interrenal axis during early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Stouthart

Lucassen²,

Strien³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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Whole-body levels of ACTH, -MSH and cortisol in eggs and larvae of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were determined periodically up until 168 h after fertilisation. ACTH, -MSH and cortisol immunoreactivity was detected in unfertilised eggs, and endogenous production of ACTH and -MSH was observed 24 h after fertilisation and that of cortisol 36 h after fertilisation. ACTH immunoreactivity reached peak levels before hatching (56-72 h after fertilisation) and remained relatively stable thereafter, while -MSH immunoreactivity started to increase after hatching. At 36 h after fertilisation, wholebody cortisol levels increased rapidly reaching peak levels at the end of hatching (72 h after fertilisation), remaining stable until the end of the experiment. From 50 h after fertilisation onwards, embryos and larvae increased their whole-body cortisol levels when subjected to handling (mechanical pressure during egg stage or netting during the larval stage). It is concluded that the pituitaryinterrenal axis in carp is fully functional at the time of hatching. No indications of a stress non-responsive period after hatching were observed.To characterise ACTH and -MSH immunoreactivities in carp larvae, whole-body homogenates were analysed by HPLC, with pituitary homogenates of adult carp serving as a reference. ACTH and -MSH immunoreactivity in carp larvae homogenates consisted of three and two products respectively. HPLC of adult carp pituitaries revealed the presence of two ACTH immunoreactive products, which may represent a phosphorylated and a non-phosphorylated ACTH variant, while the three -MSH peaks most likely represent des-acetylated, mono-acetylated and di-acetylated -MSH, the latter being the predominant form. In carp larvae, however, one of the ACTH immunoreactive products co-eluted with the non-phosphorylated ACTH, while the two -MSH products identified co-eluted with des-acetylated and mono-acetylated -MSH, indicating that POMC processing at this stage of development is different from prohormone processing in adult fish.

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Section: Structural Development Of the Hpi Axissupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Structural Development Of the Hpi Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Development Of the Hpi Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stress responsiveness of the pituitary-interrenal axis during early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Stouthart

Lucassen²,

Strien³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of what we know about how vertebrate embryos regulate their exposure to maternal steroids implicates extraembryonic membranes, including the placenta, as the most important tissues in this process [15,16]. However, embryos of non-amniotic vertebrates (fish and amphibians), which lack these extraembryonic membranes [17], are also exposed to maternally derived steroids ( progesterone [18]; oestradiol [19]; testosterone [20]; cortisol [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]) and are sensitive to steroids [28,29]. Moreover, despite lacking extraembryonic membranes, steroids decline during development in fishes [18,30], which sets up the possibility that fish embryos may be capable of modulating their exposure to maternal steroids, even though they do not have extraembryonic membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stickleback embryos use ATP-binding cassette transporters as a buffer against exposure to maternally derived cortisol

2016

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Offspring from females that experience stressful conditions during reproduction often exhibit altered phenotypes and many of these effects are thought to arise owing to increased exposure to maternal glucocorticoids. While embryos of placental vertebrates are known to regulate exposure to maternal glucocorticoids via placental steroid metabolism, much less is known about how and whether egg-laying vertebrates can control their steroid environment during embryonic development. We tested the hypothesis that threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) embryos can regulate exposure to maternal steroids via active efflux of maternal steroids from the egg. Embryos rapidly (within 72 h) cleared intact steroids, but blocking ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters inhibited cortisol clearance. Remarkably, this efflux of cortisol was sufficient to prevent a transcriptional response of embryos to exogenous cortisol. Taken together, these findings suggest that, much like their placental counterparts, developing fish embryos can actively regulate their exposure to maternal cortisol. These findings highlight the fact that even in egg-laying vertebrates, the realized exposure to maternal steroids is mediated by both maternal and embryonic processes and this has important implications for understanding how maternal stress influences offspring development.

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