Profile of drug users in the residential treatment centers of Tehran, Iran

Akbari, Hossein; Roshanpajouh, Mohsen; Nourijelyani, Keramat; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Yazdani, Kamran

doi:10.15171/hpp.2019.34

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The Iranian National Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) estimated the prevalence of any substance use disorder to be 2.8% in the Iranian general population [9]. Although it was previously estimated that more than 20% of PWUD had used drugs through injection in the last 12 months [10], recent studies have shown that the figure has decreased to about 3% [11,12]. In Iran, drug use and injecting drug use are known as the main risk factors for HIV and HCV [13][14][15][16][17]; therefore, the country has adopted extensive harm reduction measures to control blood-borne infections among PWID for more than a decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus infection among people who use drugs in Iran: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trend analysis

et al. 2020

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Background People who use drugs (PWUD) are considered as one of the main at-risk populations for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We conducted a systematic review on the prevalence of HBV infection among PWUD in Iran. Methods Consistent with PRISMA guideline, international (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) and national (Scientific Information Database) databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy up to September 2019. The retrieved records were reviewed, and experts were contacted for unpublished studies. Studies on Iranian PWUD reporting HBV surface Antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) and non-injecting PWUD were included. HBsAg prevalence was pooled for PWID and non-injecting PWUD and for other subgroups using random-effects model meta-analysis. The trend of HBV prevalence over time was investigated using meta-regression analysis. Results Overall, 35 studies reported data on HBV infection among PWID (33 studies) and non-injecting PWUD (11 studies). The pooled prevalence of HBsAg among PWID was 4.8% (95% CI 3.7–6.2). The only risk factor significantly associated with the odds of positive HBsAg in PWID was the previous history of imprisonment (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.29–2.30, p value = 0.000). The pooled estimate of HBsAg among non-injecting PWUD was 2.9% (95% CI 2.5–3.2). Time trend analyses showed significant decrease in HBV prevalence among PWID reaching from 8.2% (95% CI 3.9–16.5) in 2004–2006 to 3.1% (95% CI 2.3–4.1) in 2016 and later (b = -0.07; p value = 0.05). No significant trend was detected for non-injecting PWUD. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection among non-injecting PWUD and even PWID was not considerably higher than the Iranian general population. This might be the result of extensive harm reduction interventions in Iran. However, it seems that there are subgroups of PWID, who do not adequately benefit from existing harm reduction interventions. Future programs should more specifically target these high-risk groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus infection among people who use drugs in Iran: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trend analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Although opium dependence accounts for a large portion of Iran’s total opioid dependence, and about two-thirds of dependents and treatment centers’ clients are opium dependences or have experienced opium use at some point in their lives, 5 , 44 but few national and international studies have specifically addressed the treatment parameters of opium dependence. 25 , 40 In this study, the parameters values were estimated based on the available evidences and was presented an opium dependence treatment model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opium dependence and the potential impact of changes in treatment coverage level: A dynamic modeling study

Rafiemanesh

Rahimi-Movaghar

Haghdoost

et al. 2021

Health Promot Perspect

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Background: The most common drug, illegally used in Iran is opium. The treatment of people with substance use disorder is one of the most important strategies in reducing its burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different increasing and decreasing opium treatment coverage on the patterns of abstinence, transition to heroin dependence and mortality, over 30 years. Methods: This study was a dynamic compartmental modeling conducted in three stages: 1) presenting a conceptual model of opium dependence treatment in Iran, 2) estimating model’s parameters value, and 3) modeling of opium dependence treatment and examining the outcomes for different treatment coverage scenarios. The input parameters of the model were extracted from the literature, and secondary data analysis, which were finalized in expert panels. Results: The number of opium dependence will increase from 1180550 to 1522063 [28.93% (95% CI: 28.6 to 29.2)] over 30 years. With a 25% decrease in coverage compared to the status quo, the number of deaths will increase by 459 cases [3.28% (95% CI: 0.91 to 5.7)] in the first year, and this trend will continue to be 2989 cases [15.63% (95% CI: 13.4 to 17.9)] in the 30th year. A 25% increase in treatment coverage causes a cumulative decrease of heroin dependence by 14451 cases [10.1% (95% CI: 9.5 to 10.8)] in the first decade. Conclusion: The modeling showed that the treatment coverage level reduction has a greater impact than the coverage level increase in the country and any amount of reduction in the coverage level, even to a small extent, may have a large negative impact in the long run.

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“…Iran is a country highly exposed to this global problem due to its young population and geographical location. A study on the worldwide burden of disease in Iran (2010) indicates the increasing trends in drug abuse and the resultant mortality rates among Iranian youth in recent years 3,4. In general, unhealthy behaviors, such as tobacco, alcohol, and addictive substances, often begin in late adolescence and early young ages 5.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study on the worldwide burden of disease in Iran (2010) indicates the increasing trends in drug abuse and the resultant mortality rates among Iranian youth in recent years. 3,4 In general, unhealthy behaviors, such as tobacco, alcohol, and addictive substances, often begin in late adolescence and early young ages. 5 A study in Tehran showed an 11.8% prevalence of substance use among medical students.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a Measuring Instrument for Substance Abuse Media Literacy Scale in Students

Jormand¹,

Bashirian²,

Barati³

et al. 2021

Addictive Disorders &Amp; Their Treatment

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Substance Abuse Media Literacy (SAML) is a scale for assessing substance abuse media literacy among students. This tool can examine the effect of media exposure on substance abuse in youth. Presently, no validated, comprehensive instrument exists to measure media literacy for substance abuse. The current study aimed at assessing the psychometric features of the SAML scale in students. Methods:In this cross-sectional validation work, 436 students from Hamadan, Iran, were sampled via the stratified random sampling procedure, and their media literacy regarding substance abuse was investigated. Reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency. Moreover, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the construct validity. Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were used to examine the content validity. Results:Based on the results of factor analysis, the SAML included 13 items that measure 4 components, explaining 63.99% of the usual variance. The means scores for the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were 0.93 and 0.82, respectively. Further analyses revealed the acceptability of the results for internal consistency reliability values with a Cronbach α of 0.80. Conclusion:Based on factor analysis results, the SAML included 13 items is a valid and reliable tool and is now suitable and acceptable for present and future studies.

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Profile of drug users in the residential treatment centers of Tehran, Iran

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Hepatitis B virus infection among people who use drugs in Iran: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trend analysis

Hepatitis B virus infection among people who use drugs in Iran: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trend analysis

Opium dependence and the potential impact of changes in treatment coverage level: A dynamic modeling study

The Development of a Measuring Instrument for Substance Abuse Media Literacy Scale in Students

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