Profile of Pediatric Scrub Typhus in Odisha, India

Bal, Madhusmita; Mohanta, Mahesh Prasad; Sahu, Suneeta; Dwibedi, Bhagirathi; Ranjit, Manoranjan

doi:10.1007/s13312-019-1519-1

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…7,14 According to World health organisation "Scrub typhus is probably one of the most underdiagnosed and under reported febrile illness requiring hospitalization. In our study seropositivity of Scrub typhus was 20% which was higher than Rao et al 15 23 and Jhakaria et al 24 In our study Male affected more than female (60% vs 40%) Similar distribution was seen in Madhusmita et al 19 (61.7%), Palas Das et al 25 (58%), Raghunath et al 25 (61%) Lalrinkima et al 1 (56.6%) but female more than male distribution was seen in Saramma et al 21 (65% female), Rajendra et al 26 (64% female)). It may be due to fact that in this part of Odisha male are more involved in agricultural works than female.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…In female anterior chest and head neck are most commonly involved sites and in children axilla is the commonest site. 13 In our study most pathognomonic sign eschar was found in 20% of positive patient which is higher than Madhusmita et al 19 In India, the first case of scrub typhus was reported from Assam and West Bengal in the year 1945 and re-emergence of this was reported in 2010 after a gap of 65 years. Since then there are paucity of data about seropositivity of scrub typhus in different part of India.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

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Seropositivity of Scrub Typhus Inpatients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Odisha

Mukherjee¹,

Dash²,

Tiwari³

2020

jemds

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BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is a vector borne Rickettsial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and has been reported from tsutsugamushi triangle which includes India. It is a reemerging pathogen in India including the state of Odisha. This study was conducted to determine seropositivity of scrub typhus in patients attending a tertiary care hospital of Western Odisha. METHODS Fifty febrile patients who were negative for Malaria, Dengue and Leptospira attending a tertiary care hospital of Western Odisha were enrolled in the study. 3 ml of blood was collected, and serum was separated. IgM SD Bioline Tsutsugamushi lateral flow immunochromatography test was performed as per manufacturer instruction. Positive samples were confirmed by PCR method (Geno-Sen's ST Real Time PCR). RESULTS 20% of patients were positive for IgM SD Bioline Tsutsugamushi card test. 60% of positive patients were male. 20% of positive patients were having pathognomonic eschar. 60 % of infected patients were in the age group of 10-30. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 20% of febrile patients were positive for Scrub typhus infection. So, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of a febrile patient in Western Odisha.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Seropositivity of Scrub Typhus Inpatients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Odisha

Mukherjee¹,

Dash²,

Tiwari³

2020

jemds

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“…Scrub typhus commonly manifests with fever, breathlessness, cough, headache, nausea/ vomiting, and altered sensorium. In some areas of the country, scrub typhus accounts for up to 35-50% of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses requiring hospital admissions [8,9]. About a third of the scrub typhus cases requiring hospitalization have multi-organ dysfunction with pulmonary, hepatic, cardiac, neurological, or renal complications leading to high fatality rates [6,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of scrub typhus in India: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Scrub typhus, a vector-borne zoonotic infection caused by the bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, is one of the most common and clinically important rickettsial infections worldwide. An estimated one million cases occur annually with a high case fatality rate. Although scrub typhus is a major public health threat in India, the burden and distribution remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the burden of scrub typhus in India. Methodology We performed a systematic review of published literature on scrub typhus from India to extract information on epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality. Important databases were searched using keywords and appropriate combinations. We identified observational, interventional, and population-based studies and extracted the data to evaluate the number of cases diagnosed using serology or PCR and the number of deaths due to scrub typhus. We conducted a systematic narrative synthesis to summarize included studies. Principal findings In the last decade, there were 18,781 confirmed scrub typhus cases reported in 138 hospital-based studies and two community-based studies. IgM ELISA was used in 122 studies to confirm the cases in majority (89%). The proportion of scrub typhus among acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) studies was 25.3%, and community seroprevalence was 34.2%. Ninety studies had data published on multiple organ involvement out of which 17.4% of cases had multiple organ dysfunction syndromes, 20.4% patients required ICU admission, and 19.1% needed ventilation. The overall case-fatality rate was 6.3%, and the mortality among those with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome was as high as 38.9%. Conclusion/significance Scrub typhus, a common acute febrile illness in India causing severe morbidity, accounts for a large number of deaths. The burden of the disease has been underappreciated. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly reduce complications and mortality. Establishing good surveillance and instituting appropriate control measures are urgently needed.

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“…Post-monsoon is the most favorable period of ST as most of the cases are reported during this time. It is reported that the ongoing AES outbreaks in Gorakhpur areas in Uttar Pradesh were due to ST along with JE [35]. This made the public health officials to shift the treatment schedule.…”

Section: Mite-transmitted Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This recent experience necessitated to undergo routine diagnostic tests for ST where AES is the most prevalent. Thus this disease can be contained and lives of many children can be saved [35]. Recently ICMR-DHR has drawn a generalized guideline for scientific management of ST [36].…”

Section: Mite-transmitted Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in Vector-Borne Disease Control in India

Ghosh¹,

Ghosh²

2020

Public Health in Developing Countries - Challenges and Opportunities

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India is the second largest populous and democratic country in the world. Several geo-ecological settings are favorable for most of the vector borne diseases (VBDs) in the country. Malaria, Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Dengue (DEN), Chikungunya (CHIK) and Kala-azar (KA) are major VBDs. Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), Plague and Chandipura virus (CHPV) infections have limited and localized foci, but needs attention. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) and Zika are recent entries in India that also need to be handled on priority. National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) is responsible for control and prevention of all these diseases. Malaria, LF, JE, DEN, CHIK and Zika are transmitted by different species of mosquitoes. KA and CHPV are transmitted by shadflies, while KFD, CCHF by ticks; plague by fleas. Scrub typhus (ST) responsible for acute encephalopathy syndrome (AES) is transmitted by Leptotrombidium mite species. It needs specific and strategic action plan in view of the diversified biodiversity. New innovations to strengthen the public health responses are the main intervention protocols. Already two diseases Guineaworm (Dracunculiasis) transmitted by different species of Cyclops, and polio have been successfully eradicated/eliminated from India. Such experience would be very helpful for the elimination of malaria, LF and KA, and all are on the elimination drive.

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Profile of Pediatric Scrub Typhus in Odisha, India

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Seropositivity of Scrub Typhus Inpatients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Odisha

Seropositivity of Scrub Typhus Inpatients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Odisha

The burden of scrub typhus in India: A systematic review

Innovations in Vector-Borne Disease Control in India

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