Profile of the 2016 dengue outbreak in Nepal

Khetan, Ramawatar Prasad; Stein, David A.; Chaudhary, Santosh Kumar; Rauniyar, Ramanuj; Upadhyay, Bishnu Prasad; Gupta, Umesh Prasad; Gupta, Birendra Prasad

doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3514-3

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…5 Khetan, Stein, Chaudhary, Rauniyar, Upadhyay, Gupta, et al first reported dengue fever in Nepal in 2004, which was followed by several major outbreaks. 6 Huy et al reported 2922 patients in Vietnam in 2017. 7 An unprecedented number of cases of dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever were reported in Delhi from August to November 1996 with many deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue fever: a re-emerging disease

Minhas¹,

Pardal²

2020

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Dengue is a rapidly spreading mosquito borne disease. Dengue is now endemic in 100 countries worldwide.Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study design was used by the workers. We The workers obtained detailed information from each reported case. Active case finding by surveys during the period of the outbreak, besides a detailed environmental survey was also carried out. Standard statistical tools like calculating relative risk and Chi square were utilised for data analysis.Results: In all 17 cases who fulfilled the case definition criteria were admitted in the month of September 2019. Out of these 16 (94.11%) were confirmed by NS 1 Antigen ELISA, while 01 (05.88%) was probable case. The first case reported on 08 Sep 2019, followed by a sudden spurt in the number of cases. The weekly epidemic curve is depicted in (Figure 1). There were no complications or fatalities. Detailed environmental assessment of the area revealed Aedes mosquito breeding in artificial containers of water. The house index of 7.06%, while the container index was 6.06%.Conclusions: The above study thus highlights the necessity of strict environmental monitoring by all authorities concerned in the country to prevent morbidity and mortality due to Dengue fever and other mosquito borne diseases. The menace of Dengue fever will continue till we learn to manage our solid waste properly, as Dengue is after all a man-made disease due to improper solid waste disposal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue fever: a re-emerging disease

Minhas¹,

Pardal²

2020

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…The major clinical symptoms of dengue infection in Nepalese patient reported by Khetan et al were fever (100%), cerebral pain (71.3%), rashes (11.3%), retro-orbital torment (23.5%), retching (23.4%), joint pain (32.1%), and thrombocytopenia (85.7%) [8]. During the first decade (2004-2013) of Nepalese dengue history, two major epidemics in 2010 and 2013 have been recorded [9].…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 95%

The alarming outbreaks of dengue in Nepal

Adhikari

Subedi

2020

Trop Med Health

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Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection. Since the first reported incidence in 2004, several sporadic outbreaks of dengue have been recorded from both tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal, including the capital city Kathmandu. However, in the last 5 years, the incidence of dengue cases has risen alarmingly. The largest-ever outbreak was reported in 2019, which killed six people. The global warming, unplanned urbanization, increased transportation, and lack of efficient mosquito control are presumably associated with the spread of dengue and its vector to the plane and hilly regions of this country. With the ongoing Nepalese government campaign "Visit Nepal Year 2020" to attract two million tourists in mind, effective dengue control measures must be implemented to control potential future outbreaks.

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“…Sparse information on DENV infection in Nepal was available prior to 2004 [ 17 ], which changed with the report of one Japanese foreigner being diagnosed with dengue fever in 2004 [ 18 ]. Since then, four DENV outbreaks occurred in Nepal, with the first endogenous dengue outbreak in the Chitwan district dating to 2006 [ 19 ]. At that time, the circulation of all four DENV serotypes was found in nine districts of the low-land Terai region [ 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dengue virus in Nepal: gaps in diagnosis and surveillance

Gupta¹,

Haselbeck

Kim

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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BackgroundThe introduction of the dengue virus (DENV) in Nepal is recent, first reports date back to 2004 from a Japanese traveller and limited information is available about DENV infection in the Nepali population. Within a decade after the first DENV detection, it is now endemic in multiple districts of Nepal with approximately 11.2 million people residing in the Terai belt being at risk of DENV infection. Sporadic cases of DENV infection have been reported every year for the past decade during the monsoon season, mainly in the Terai region.MethodsMedline/Embase/Cochrane databases were reviewed for reports on the burden of dengue infection, diagnostic methods, and national surveillance.ResultsFour outbreaks were reported since 2004 including the diagnosis of all serotypes in 2006 and predominance of a single serotype in 2010 (DENV-1), 2013 (DENV-2), and 2016 (DENV-1). The clinical diagnoses showed a predominance of dengue fever while 4/917 (0.4%), 8/642 (1.2%) and 8/1615 (0.4%) dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome cases were identified during the outbreaks in 2010, 2013 and 2016, respectively. The number of cases reported in males was significantly higher (67.4%) than in females. Disease occurrence was primarily found in the Terai region until 2010 and was increasingly detected in the Hilly region in 2016.ConclusionIn Nepal currently weak diagnostic facilities, very limited research on mosquitoes vectors, and poor surveillance of dengue leading to inappropriate detection and control of DENV. We surmise that improved basic research and epidemiological training courses for local scientists and laboratory personal at national and international level will help better understand the evolution and distribution of DENV transmission and its eventual control.

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Profile of the 2016 dengue outbreak in Nepal

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Dengue fever: a re-emerging disease

Dengue fever: a re-emerging disease

The alarming outbreaks of dengue in Nepal

The Dengue virus in Nepal: gaps in diagnosis and surveillance

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