Profile of The Chikungunya Infection: A Neglected Vector Borne Disease which is Prevalent In The Rajkot District

Abstract

Background: Chikungunya Virus has been responsible for significant human morbidity probably for several hundred years; yet in spite of its prevalence, the Chikungunya Virus epidemiology and the mechanisms of virulence and pathogenesis are still poorly understood and undetermined. Aims:This study was done to show that the Chikungunya infection has shown a change in its pattern of occurrence with respect to the clinical features, the gender and the age group which are predominant and the season of the outbreak. The present study was conducted to evaluate the features of the Chikugunya infection in patients with acute febrile illness from various geographical regions of Rajkot district, Gujarat, India. Type of Study:A cross-sectional study, multi centric study. Statistical method:The Chi-square test for the goodness of the fit and independence. Methods:One hundred ninty three serum samples of suspected cases of patients who attended the outdoor and indoor patients departments at a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot and the primary health centres, the community health centre and the urban health centres that were covered in the Rajkot district, which were collected during the period of one year from 1 st January 2011 to 25 th December 2011, were studied. The sera were processed and tested for the detection of the Chikungunya IgM antibody by using a solid phase, capture micro well ELISA technology. Results:Out of the total 193 cases, 84 were positive for the Chikungunya IgM antibody. Out of the total 84 positive cases, 32 were males (38.09%) and 52 were females (61.9%). Female patients showed more prevalence of this disease. A majority of the patients presented with fever, headache and joint pain: 44(52.38%). The highest prevalence of Chikungunya was found in the 40-50 years age group, which occurred in 34 (40.47%) cases. In the months of November and December, the occurrence of Chikungunya was more. Conclusion:This study emphasizes the need for a continuous surveillance on the disease burden by using multiple diagnostic tests and it also warrants the need for appropriate molecular diagnostic techniques for an early detection of the Chikungunya virus.

Chikungunya-virus-specific CD4+T cells are associated with chronic chikungunya viral arthritic disease in humans

“…At the time of sample collection, the average age of CHIKVseropositive donors was 41 years, and the average age of seronegative donors was 38 years. This is consistent with demographics previously reported for gender and age groups affected 35 . On average, blood donations for both groups were obtained six years post-infection.…”

Epidemiology of Chikungunya Virus Outbreaks in Guadeloupe and Martinique, 2014: An Observational Study in Volunteer Blood Donors

“…However, in other studies higher prevalence in females has been reported [14–17]. The reasons underlying these divergent observations remain elusive and are presumably linked with different habitats, economic factors and lifestyles.…”

Cell alignment induced by anisotropic electrospun fibrous scaffolds alone has limited effect on cardiomyocyte maturation

“…Human induced pluripotent stem cells (IMR-90 ( Yu et al, 2007 )) were initially cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders in hPSC medium and then expanded using either MEF-conditioned hPSC medium supplemented with 8 ng/mL human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or Essential 8™ (E8) medium on plates coated with growth factor-reduced Matrigel™ (1:60, v / v , cat No. CB-40230C, Fisher Scientific) ( Bhagwati et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2011 ). hPSC medium was prepared using KnockOut DMEM medium supplemented with 20% ( v / v ) KnockOut serum replacement, 0.5 mM l -glutamine, 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 0.1 mM beta-mercaptoethanol, 1% ( v / v ) PenStrep (10,000 IU/mL penicillin, 10,000 µg/mL streptomycin solution), and 4 ng/mL bFGF.…”