Profile of the pregnant woman with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a private hospital in Joinville, Brazil

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the maternal-fetal characteristics of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) attended in a private service. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out from the medical records of patients diagnosed with GDM at Centro Hospitalar UNIMED, in Joinville city, between 2011 and 2017. Maternal-fetal characteristics, therapeutics and complications of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were analyzed. Results: 515 patients with GDM were reported. Of the maternal characteristics, the mean age was (31.77), BMI (27.82). The proportion of obese pregnant women was (55.6%), normal (42.4%) and low weight (2%). The preference for cesarean section was (81.4%) and Gestational Age (GA) of GDM diagnosis (26.85), with higher diagnosis in the third trimester (65.2%) than second (29.3%) and first (5.3%). Incidences of hypertension (7.4%), preeclampsia (0.6%) and pregnant women with previous abortions (16.5%) were found. The mean glycemic profile showed HbA1C (5.26), estimated glucose (104.30) and FPG fasting (86.38), in the first hour (144.46) and in the second hour (64.15). Treatment with diet and exercise (38.3%), metformin (40%), insulin (14.5%) and combined (7.8%). Regarding newborns, the mean weight was (3.123.46) and the GA at birth (37.46). Regarding the percentile, AGP (71.8%), SGP (28.2%) and no cases of LGP. In terms of adverse outcomes, hyperbilirubinemia was evidenced in (25.6%), prematurity (10.9%) and fetal hypoglycemia (9.9%). Conclusion: Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM had a higher GA at diagnosis in the third trimester and more cesarean sections. Among the adverse outcomes related to newborns, there were more cases of hyperbilirubinemia, prematurity and fetal hypoglycemia.