Profile of volatile metabolites in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Zlatkis, A.; Bertsch, W.; Lichtenstein, H. A.; Tishbee, A.; Shunbo, F.; Liebich, H.M.; Coscia, Alessandra; Fleischer, Norman

doi:10.1021/ac60326a036

Cited by 162 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…통상적으로 이들 성분에 대한 검출은 urine 시 료에 직접 약물검사를 하는 것과 같이 건강진단 위주 로 이루어졌다 (Pandey and Kim, 2011). 그러나 urine 을 통한 성분분석은 전처리가 상당히 까다롭고, 분석 방법에 따라 그 단계 및 절차가 복잡해서 다양한 오 차의 요인으로 작용할 수 있다 (Han et al, 2006;Fujii et al, 1999;Mürer et al, 1994;Tomokuni and Ogata, 1972) (Zlatkis et al, 1973). 본 연구를 통해 NH 3 성 분과 기타 냄새성분들 간의 관계를 확인함으로써 악 취발생 기여도를 파악하고자 하였다.…”

Section: 또한 이 성분은 지정악취 물질로도 구분되므로 환경unclassified

Comparative Analysis of Offensive Odorants in Urine Samples in Relation to Sample Treatment Conditions

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Jo³

et al. 2014

Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment

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In this study, emission characteristics of volatile odorant species released from urine samples were investigated in relation to two key variables: [1] storage conditions before sampling and [2] incubation conditions during sampling. To this end, 20 offensive odorants were quantified by four different analytical systems and then sorted according to seven functional groups. It is indicated that benzene (B), styrene (S), isobutyl alcohol (i-BuAl), butyl acetate (BuAc), butyraldehyde (BA), isovaleraldehyde (IA), and valeraldehyde (VA) did not contribute to urine odor because their concentration levels were measured below detection limits in all samples. On the other hand, emission concentrations of toluene (T), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl mercaptan (CH 3 SH), carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), and ammonia (NH 3 ) were generally higher than other compounds. In terms of odor intensity (OI), CH 3 SH and NH 3 showed the largest OI values in the range of 2~4. According to t-test (storage approach and urine temperature), the results of T, CS 2 , and NH 3 were statistically distinguished from each other in terms of differences in sampling temperature. Likewise, the emissions of certain odorants from urine samples were affected by changes in sample treatment conditions to a degree.

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Section: 또한 이 성분은 지정악취 물질로도 구분되므로 환경unclassified

Comparative Analysis of Offensive Odorants in Urine Samples in Relation to Sample Treatment Conditions

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Jo³

et al. 2014

Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment

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“…Zlatkis and coworkers (McKennis, 1959;Zlatkis, 1971Zlatkis, , 1973bZlatkis, , 1973cZlatkis, , 1975Stafford, 1976) have studied the analysis of volatile compounds present in biological fluids. The initial technique used was that of head-space analysis in which an inert gas is passed over the top of heated (near 100 0 C), stirred urine.…”

Section: Volatility Studies On Rat Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Analytical Techniques for Toxicokinetic Research

Hershey¹,

Sherman²,

Pustinger³

1979

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“…Dihydropyrazine (DHP) is produced by condensation of 2 mol of D-glucosamine, 1) and some DHP derivatives generate various radical species that cause DNA strand cleavage in vitro.2) Since many pyrazine derivatives have been detected in various foods 3) and human urine, 4) we speculated that DHPs, which are presumed to be precursors of pyrazines, would be responsible for certain diseases. However, there are few reports regarding the biological and physiological roles of DHPs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2) Since many pyrazine derivatives have been detected in various foods 3) and human urine, 4) we speculated that DHPs, which are presumed to be precursors of pyrazines, would be responsible for certain diseases. However, there are few reports regarding the biological and physiological roles of DHPs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Induced by a Dihydropyrazine Derivative

Takechi

Nakahara

Adachi

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The Maillard reaction, which comprises a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids, produces hundreds of highly reactive compounds. Dihydropyrazine (DHP) is produced by condensation of 2 mol of D-glucosamine, 1) and some DHP derivatives generate various radical species that cause DNA strand cleavage in vitro.2) Since many pyrazine derivatives have been detected in various foods 3) and human urine, 4) we speculated that DHPs, which are presumed to be precursors of pyrazines, would be responsible for certain diseases. However, there are few reports regarding the biological and physiological roles of DHPs.In a previous paper, we reported that methyl-substituted dihydropyrazines (Me-DHPs), such as 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethylpyrazine, had DNA strand-breaking activity, inhibited growth and induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli.5) Although phenyl-substituted dihydropyrazines (Ph-DHPs) have much higher DNA strand-breaking activities and produce higher levels of radical species than Me-DHPs, 6,7) DNA repair-deficient bacteria were less sensitive to Ph-DHPs than to Me-DHPs. 8) Recently, cyclohexyl-DHP, which was designed according to our hypothesis of a relationship between the chemical structures of DHP derivatives and DNA strandbreaking activities, 9) was shown to possess a stronger DNA strand-breaking activity than Me-DHPs and Ph-DHPs. 10)In the present study, we examined the cellular effects of a novel cyclohexyl-DHP with a cyclohexyl ring fused to the DHP. We found that it could strongly generate superoxide anions, and cause not only breakage of chromosomal DNA leading to mutagenic lesions but also induce oxidative damage to cellular proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Synthesis of DHPsA mixture of two isomers of cyclohexyl-DHP (Fig. 1), namely 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoxaline (endo-type) and 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroquinoxaline (exotype), was prepared using a previously described method. 11) were obtained from the National BioResource Project (NIG, Japan). CATD [AB1157 katE katG] and SODD [AB1157 sodA sodB] were described in a previous paper. 8)DNA Strand-Breaking Assay Reaction mixtures (20 ml) containing 1 mg of plasmid pUC18 were incubated with DHP in the presence or absence of 1 mM CuCl 2 for 1 h at 37°C. The resulting mixtures were analyzed by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis and stained with 0.5 mg/ml ethidium bromide. The DNA bands were visualized with an Epi-LightUV FA500 (Taitec, Japan).Survival Assay Overnight cultures of E. coli were diluted by 100-fold with fresh LB medium and grown at 37°C until the OD 600 was approximately 0.1. Approximately 1ϫ10 8 bacteria were then challenged with DHP in the presence or absence of 1 mM CuCl 2 for 1 h with shaking at 37°C, plated on LB plates after serial dilutions in M9 salts and incubated overnight at 37°C. The survival rates were calculated as the percentages of cells surviving after challenge with DHP. All experiments were conducted at least four times. The Maillard reaction contributes to the complications of diabetes and normal aging. Dihydropyrazine...

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Profile of volatile metabolites in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Cited by 162 publications

References 2 publications

Comparative Analysis of Offensive Odorants in Urine Samples in Relation to Sample Treatment Conditions

Comparative Analysis of Offensive Odorants in Urine Samples in Relation to Sample Treatment Conditions

Development of Analytical Techniques for Toxicokinetic Research

Oxidative Stress Induced by a Dihydropyrazine Derivative

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