Profiles of Betacyanins in Epidermal Layers of Grafted and Light-Stressed Cacti Studied by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS

Abstract

Profiles of betacyanins present in light-stressed stems of different cactus species and nonstressed but genetically aberrated red pigmented cacti of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. ;Hibotan' Britton & Rose, which are known as grafted cacti, were compared. The identities of all the pigments in the cacti were characterized for the first time. The identification of acylated and nonacylated betacyanins was performed by means of mass spectrometry and UV-vis diode array detection coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. The most indicative pigments of the stressed cacti, 5''-O-E-feruloyl-2'-O-beta-apiosyl-betanin and 5''-O-E-sinapoyl-2'-O-beta-apiosyl-betanin, as well as their diasteromers, were the prevailing betacyanins in Hylocereus polyrhizus , Epiphyllum phyllanthus , and Rhipsalis rhombea . Stressed Rhipsalis regnellii stems contained the sinapoylated betacyanins accompanied only by traces of the feruloylated derivatives. In addition, high contents of 2'-O-apiosyl-betanin were frequently observed in the samples with the highest concentration found in stressed Schlumbergera x buckleyi (T. Moore) Tjaden. These pigments were also detected, but at low levels, in the Hibotan pink, red, and violet scions, which were not light-stressed. In the Hibotan scions, the most abundant were the polar betacyanins: betanidin 5-O-beta-sophoroside and betanin. In most of the stressed samples, betanin was present at relatively low levels.

Red pitaya betacyanins protects from diet‐induced obesity, liver steatosis and insulin resistance in association with modulation of gut microbiota in mice

“…The betacyanins purified from red pitaya fruit were identified based on comparison of their retention time in HPLC and mass spectral analysis with the literature data . HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 12 betacyanins (Fig.…”

“…The betacyanins purified from red pitaya fruit were identified based on comparison of their retention time in HPLC and mass spectral analysis with the literature data. [21][22][23][24] HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 12 betacyanins (Fig. 1), and the information of the peak and compound identification, retention time, and MS/MS data, obtained from LC/DAD/MS, was summarized in the Supporting Information Table S2.…”

Morphological, cytological and metabolic consequences of autopolyploidization in Hylocereus (Cactaceae) species

“…Increased synthesis of secondary metabolites as a response to abiotic and/or biotic stress is frequently observed in plants. For example, a comparison of the profiles of betacyanins produced by epidermal layers of non-stressed grafted and lightly stressed cactus stems showed higher levels for the stressed stems [ 58 ]. In Beta vulgaris leaves, wounding and bacterial infiltration was followed by oxidative-burst-induced betacyanin synthesis [ 59 ].…”

Time-resolved spectroscopy of the singlet excited state of betanin in aqueous and alcoholic solutions

“…3 The presence of bn in leaves, fruits, roots, stems, and flower petals results in a characteristic red/purple color attractive to pollinators. Accumulation of betacyanins in response to white and UV light has been observed in light-stressed stems of cacti species 4 and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., 2,5,6 indicating that betacyanins probably act as photoprotectors in living tissues.…”