“…Tutors prompt students with meta-cognitive questions and provide direction without directly telling the student what to look for and where to go for information. The tutor provides a student-centered learning environment by promoting self-directed learning, the integration of previous knowledge, interaction, and guiding the learning process (Chan, 2008;De Grave, Dolmans, & van der Vleuten, 1999;Hmelo-Silver & Barrows, 2006). Within existing PBL literature, some researchers promote tutors as requiring content expertise (Barrows, 1996;Hmelo-Silver & Barrows, 2006;Dede, 2003), while some argue content experts are not necessary (Barrows, 1986(Barrows, , 1998Swanson, Stalenhoef-Halling, & van der Vleuten, 1990), and still others claim that content experts and content novices should be used at different stages of PBL instruction (Schmidt, Van Der Arend, Kokx, & Boon, 1994).…”