Profiles of HIV-infected anti-retroviral therapy naïve children from Mumbai, India

Paranjpe, Supriya; Sarkate, Purva; Ingole, Nayana; Raut, Shweta Sadanand; Mehta, Preeti

doi:10.1007/s12519-016-0035-9

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) showed that the incidence and mortality of HIV-infected children aged 0–14 years in Indonesia increased throughout the year in 2018 with 3,100 new cases and 2,200 deaths due to AIDS [ 3 ]. Diarrhea is one of the symptoms in HIV- infected children with an incidence rate between 9.9% and 24.5% [ 4 5 ]. HIV-infected children are 5.6 times more likely to experience diarrhea than non-HIV children [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Enteropathogens in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children with Acute Diarrhea in an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Wulandari,

Febrian,

Dwipoerwantoro

et al. 2024

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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Purpose Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of mortality in children living in developing countries. The etiology of acute diarrhea in each healthcare center varies depending on place, time, and population. This study aimed to identify pathogen patterns in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV children suffering from acute diarrhea, using multiplex real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in an Indonesian tertiary hospital. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital from March 2019 to April 2020. Results The study showed that multiplex RT-PCR results were positive in 58.9% of the specimens, with more positive results in HIV-infected children than in non-HIV-infected children (70% vs. 54.7%). Altogether 72 enteropathogens were detected from all specimens. Enteropathogens in non-HIV children with acute diarrhea consisted of bacteria (70.6%) and viruses (29.4%) with a predominance of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (25.4%), followed by Campylobacter spp. (11.8%), enteropathogenic E. coli (9.8%), Norovirus GII (7.8%), and Clostridium difficile (7.8%). Enteropathogens in HIV-infected children consisted of viruses (57.1%), bacteria (28.6%), and parasites (14.3%) comprising Norovirus GII (24%), Cryptosporidium spp. (14.3%), Campylobacter spp. (14.3%), Norovirus GI (14.3%), and Astrovirus (14.3%). Cryptosporidium spp. was the only parasite found in this study and was found only in HIV-infected children. In non-HIV children with acute diarrhea, most pathogens were invasive bacteria, while in HIV-infected children, more viral and parasite infections occurred, primarily caused by opportunistic pathogens. Conclusion The pattern of enteropathogens can help clinicians determine further examinations and appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy for the patient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Enteropathogens in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children with Acute Diarrhea in an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Wulandari,

Febrian,

Dwipoerwantoro

et al. 2024

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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“…Thus, it will be important to understand the survival in these children over this period of one and half decade. Though few Indian studies [12][13][14] have studied the outcomes in CLHAs, the sample has been small and restricted to a single centre. We propose to estimate the survival in a cohort of CLHAs and to study the factors associated with survival in CLHAs in government ART centres in Mumbai, India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective cohort analysis of survival of children living with HIV/AIDS in Mumbai, India

Acharya

Palkar

Sayed³

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo understand the survival in a cohort of children living with HIV/AIDS (CLHAs) and to study the factors associated with survival in CLHAs in government antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres in Mumbai, India.DesignThis is a retrospective cohort analysis.SettingData from electronic ART records of children from 15 ART centres in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Participants2224 CLHAs registered in one of these ART centres from 2004 until October 2019. CLHAs up to the age of 18 at the time of registration were considered for these analyses.Primary and secondary outcomesWe accessed the following data: date of test, date of initiation of ART, date of last follow-up, age at the time of registration, gender, potential route of infection, baseline CD4 counts, ART regimen, adherence and presence of co-infection (TB). We estimated the survival probabilities, plotted the Kaplan-Meier survival graphs and estimated HRs for mortality.ResultsThe mortality rate in our population was 22.75 (95% CI 20.02 to 25.85) per 1000 person-years. The 1-year survival was 0.92 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.93), 0.89 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.91) at 5 years and 0.85 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.87) at 10 years after initiation of ART. Children with adherence less than 80% had lowest survival in the first year (0.54, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.61). It reduced drastically at 5 and 10 years. After adjusting for demographic and clinical parameters, mortality was associated with poor adherence (<80%) (HR 11.70, 95% CI 8.82 to 15.53; p<0.001). However, CD4 counts of greater than 200 and age more than 1 year were protective.ConclusionsPoor adherence to ART and low CD4 counts were significantly associated with higher mortality. Adherence counselling should be an important component of CLHA monitoring in all ART centres. It is also important to identify children early in the infection and start ART medications appropriately.

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Profiles of HIV-infected anti-retroviral therapy naïve children from Mumbai, India

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Detection of Enteropathogens in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children with Acute Diarrhea in an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Detection of Enteropathogens in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children with Acute Diarrhea in an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Retrospective cohort analysis of survival of children living with HIV/AIDS in Mumbai, India

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