Profiles of reproductive hormones associated with fertile and nonfertile inseminations of dairy cows

Erb, R.E.; Garverick, H.A.; Randel, R.D.; Brown, Barry L.; Callahan, C. J.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(76)90235-1

Cited by 120 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Serum progester¬ one concentrations in these females (2-58 ±0-51 ng/ml) were comparable to those in females ( (Moore, 1975) and with asynchronous transfer (Lawson, 1977) show that subtle differences in the hormonal milieu can have profound effects on embryonic development. The progesterone levels in pregnant and non-pregnant cows on Days 9-14 closely resemble those reported by Shemesh et al (1968) and Pope et al (1969) (Henricks et al, 1971;Erb et al, 1976) and Day 13 after oestrus (Holness et al, 1977). The values given by Henricks et al (1971) for pregnant cows were substantially higher than those in the pregnant heifers at Days 10-12 in the present study, and those reported by Erb et al (1976) for non-pregnant animals were substantially lower than those in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…A number of investigators, including Shemesh, Ayalon & Lindner (1968), Pope, Gupta & Munro (1969), Henricks, Dickey & Niswender (1970), Wettemann & Hafs (1973), Erb, Garverick, Randel, Brown & Callahan (1976) and Holness, Ellison & Wilkins (1977) have reported systemic levels of progesterone during early pregnancy in the cow. These reports are about evenly divided on whether pregnant cows have higher levels of progesterone in blood than do non-pregnant cows 6-14 days after insemination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum progesterone concentrations in cows receiving embryo transfers

Hasler¹,

Bowen²,

Nelson³

et al. 1980

Reproduction

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Summary. Progesterone concentrations in systemic blood were determined by radioimmunoassay in crossbred cattle used as recipients in an embryo transfer programme. An embryo was transferred surgically to the uterine horn of 528 females which were in oestrus within one half-day of the donor. Jugular blood was obtained at the time embryos were transferred (3\p=n-\7days after oestrus) and again from most females between Days 9 and 14. Pregnancy was determined by rectal palpation 45\p=n-\ 65 days after oestrus. There were no significant differences between serum progesterone levels of females which remained pregnant and those which did not. Out of 177 pregnant recipients, none had serum progesterone levels <0\m=.\5ng/ml on Days 10, 11, or 12 but in 8, values were <1\m=.\0 ng/ml. Blood samples were also taken on Days 20, 21, or 22 from 113 of these recipients. The mean \ m=+-\ s.e.m. concentration of progesterone in the pregnant females (5\m=.\14\ m=+-\0\m=.\34 ng/ml) was significantly higher (P < 0\m=.\001)than in the non-pregnant females (1\m=.\17\ m=+-\ 0\m=.\25ng/ml). The correlation coefficients between progesterone levels on Days 3, 4, 5 or 6 and 10\p=n-\12 ranged from 0\m=.\18to 0\m=.\37 (all P < 0\m=.\02).Progesterone levels were not related to length of the previous cycle, the time of day an animal was first noticed in oestrus or the side of the corpus luteum. However, cows with a short oestrus had higher progesterone levels on Days 3\p=n-\7(P < 0\m=.\01) than those in oestrus for a longer time.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum progesterone concentrations in cows receiving embryo transfers

Hasler¹,

Bowen²,

Nelson³

et al. 1980

Reproduction

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“…This has been clearly shown in numerous studies using timed AI programs (Souza et al, 2007;Brusveen et al, 2008;Bisinotto et al, 2010b;Giordano et al, 2012b and. In addition, studies on cows that receive AI after detection of estrus, have generally reported that minor elevations in P4 near AI are also detrimental to fertility (De Silva et al, 1981;Waldmann et al, 2001;Ghanem et al, 2006), although some studies did not obtain this result (Erb et al, 1976;Plym Forshell et al, 1991). During Ovsynch, the percentage of cows that do not have complete regression following the PGF2α treatment before timed AI has been reported to range from 5% to 30% (Moreira et al, 2000;Gumen et al, 2003;Souza et al, 2007;Brusveen et al, 2009;Martins et al, 2011b;Giordano et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Pregnancy Loss In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The key role of greater P4 before AI on fertility of lactating dairy cows was recognized in early studies that compared fertile to non-fertile inseminations (Folman et al, 1973;Erb et al, 1976;Meisterling and Dailey, 1987). In addition, concentrations of P4 12 days before first AI had a positive relationship with conception rate at first AI in lactating Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle (Fonseca et al, 1983).…”

Section: Fertility In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

Wiltbank

Souza

Carvalho

et al. 2014

Animal

195

114

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The discovery of progesterone (P4) and elucidation of the mechanisms of P4 action have an important place in the history of endocrinology and reproduction. Circulating P4 concentration is determined by a balance between P4 production, primarily by the corpus luteum (CL), and P4 metabolism, primarily by the liver. The volume of luteal tissue and number and function of large luteal cells are primary factors determining P4 production. Rate of P4 metabolism is generally determined by liver blood flow and can be of critical importance in determining circulating P4 concentrations, particularly in dairy cattle. During timed artificial insemination (AI) protocols, elevations in P4 are achieved by increasing number of CL by creating accessory CL or by supplementation with exogenous P4. Dietary manipulations can also alter circulating P4, although practical methods to apply these techniques have not yet been reported. Elevating P4 before the timed AI generally decreases double ovulation and increases fertility to the timed AI. Near the time of AI, slight elevations in circulating P4, possibly due to inadequate luteal regression, can dramatically reduce fertility. After AI, circulating P4 is critical for embryo growth and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Many studies have attempted to improve fertility by elevating P4 after timed AI. Our recent meta-analysis and manipulative study indicated small fertility benefits (3% to 3.5%) mostly in primiparous cows. Thus, previous research has provided substantial insight into mechanisms regulating circulating P4 concentrations and actions. Understanding this prior research can focus future research on P4 manipulation to improve reproductive success. Keywords: progesterone, lactating dairy cows, fertility ImplicationsThis manuscript reviews effects of circulating progesterone (P4) on dairy cattle reproduction. Various methods to elevate P4 during growth of the preovulatory follicular wave have been shown to increase pregnancies/ artificial insemination (AI) and reduce double ovulation, providing methods to improve fertility and reduce twinning rate in lactating dairy cattle. Conversely, very low concentrations of P4 near AI are needed to optimize fertility. Finally, elevations of P4 after AI can impact embryonic development and also may elevate fertility. Thus, innovative strategies to optimize circulating P4 concentrations during selected reproductive periods enhance our management tools for improving reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows. Discovery of Progesterone (P4)The discovery of P4 begins with a clear description by Regnier deGraaf (1641-1673) of the corpus luteum (CL), calling them 'globules' and correctly surmising (for rabbits) that 'the number of globules equals the number of offspring from a particular mating ' (deGraaf, 1672 in (Jocelyn andSetchell, 1972)). A key discovery came in the laboratory of Gustav Born , an excellent histologist, who observed that the CL was a ductless gland and correctly advanced the idea that it was a gland of internal sec...

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“…Moreover, pregnancy rate was 13% higher in heifers treated with split than with full dose. The relatively lower fertility rate in treated than in control heifers could be due to either altered timing of the preovulatory LH surge or could result from asynchronies in endocrine events around oestrus and ovulation (Erb et al, 1976;Godfrey et al, 1989). However, the endocrine basis of reduced fertility after induced oestrus in zebu cattle in Africa needs further studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%