Profiling Amino Acids of Jordanian Scalp Hair as a Tool for Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis: A Pilot Study

Rashaid, Ayat Hussein B.; Harrington, Peter de B.; Jackson, Glen P.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00460

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Also, a spectrophotometric hair glycation index has also been shown to be reliable to differentiate between normoglycemic and hyperglycemic individuals [47]. More recently, determination of derivatized amino acids in human scalp hair using gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry, revealed differential molecular signatures between DM patients and controls in a Jordanian cohort [48]. Thus, analysis of human hair is a promising approach to long-term evaluation of DM and other diseases.…”

Section: Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Hair as a Testing Substrate in the Era of Precision Medicine: Potential Role of ‘Omics-Based Approaches

Adeola¹,

Wyk²,

Arowolo³

et al. 2018

Keratin

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Minimally and noninvasive investigation of pathology and treatment monitoring is highly attractive in medicine. The use of human hair samples as a non-invasive testing substrate is potentially poised to improve diagnostic and forensic medicine. Hair has the unique ability to capture long-term information about health and disease in an individual as compared to urine and blood. Testing long hair offers a potential means of long-term monitoring of drug compliance, drug abuse, chronic alcohol abuse, and diagnostic biomarker discovery. Even though human hair is mostly composed of keratin and keratin-associated proteins, very little literature has been published on human hair proteomics. Emerging high throughput omics based techniques such as proteomics are increasingly improving our depth of knowledge about the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of diseases globally. Although many aspects of the use of these novel molecular aids to improve disease diagnosis and patient management remains elusive; it is evident that these techniques have improved precision medicine tremendously. This chapter aims to discuss current plausible application of human hair omics-based approaches to the field of pathology, diagnostics and precision/individualized medicine.

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Section: Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Hair as a Testing Substrate in the Era of Precision Medicine: Potential Role of ‘Omics-Based Approaches

Adeola¹,

Wyk²,

Arowolo³

et al. 2018

Keratin

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“…Traditionally blood and urinary concentrations of amino acids have been used as biomarkers of their intake. Recent methodological advances have also made it possible to assess local amino acid contents in hair [ 138 ] and locally in various organs, e.g., in neuronal tissues [ 139 ]. The advent of DBS to collect and store blood samples has opened opportunities to assess biomarkers in vulnerable populations, like premature infants and in populations in developing countries where access to freezers is limited.…”

Section: Amino Acids Proteins Minerals and Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for nutrient intake with focus on alternative sampling techniques

et al. 2016

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Biomarkers of nutrient intake or nutrient status are important objective measures of foods/nutrients as one of the most important environmental factors people are exposed to. It is very difficult to obtain accurate data on individual food intake, and there is a large variation of nutrient composition of foods consumed in a population. Thus, it is difficult to obtain precise measures of exposure to different nutrients and thereby be able to understand the relationship between diet, health, and disease. This is the background for investing considerable resources in studying biomarkers of nutrients believed to be important in our foods. Modern technology with high sensitivity and specificity concerning many nutrient biomarkers has allowed an interesting development with analyses of very small amounts of blood or tissue material. In combination with non-professional collection of blood by finger-pricking and collection on filters or sticks, this may make collection of samples and analyses of biomarkers much more available for scientists as well as health professionals and even lay people in particular in relation to the marked trend of self-monitoring of body functions linked to mobile phone technology. Assuming standard operating procedures are used for collection, drying, transport, extraction, and analysis of samples, it turns out that many analytes of nutritional interest can be measured like metabolites, drugs, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and many types of peptides and proteins. The advantage of this alternative sampling technology is that non-professionals can collect, dry, and mail the samples; the samples can often be stored under room temperature in a dry atmosphere, requiring small amounts of blood. Another promising area is the potential relation between the microbiome and biomarkers that may be measured in feces as well as in blood.

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“…Since the hair follicle uses circulating amino acids as building blocks of keratin, hair characteristics may also be influenced by this pathway, as the lack or decrease in function of insulin increases circulating amino acids (51–54). This is a novel field of study, and new diagnostic techniques have been proposed based on the concentration of certain amino acids in the hair shaft (52). …”

Section: Evaluation Of the Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair follicle characteristics as early marker of Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2016

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Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) includes a continuum of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that causes several chronic long-term complications such as coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The hair follicle could reveal signs of early vascular impairment, yet its relationship to early metabolic injuries has been largely ignored. We propose that in earlier stages of the continuum of DM2-related metabolic disorders, a group of susceptible patients who do not yet meet the diagnostic criteria to be considered as persons with DM2 may present chronic vascular impairment and end organ damage, including hair follicle damage, which can be evaluated to identify an early risk marker. This hypothesis is based in the association found between insulin resistance and alopecia in non-diabetic persons, and the hair loss on the lower limbs as a manifestation of long-term peripheral arterial disease among subjects with DM2. In order to test this hypothesis, studies are required to evaluate if hair follicle characteristics are related to and can predict hyperglycemic complications, and if they do so, which feature of the hair follicle, such as hair growth, best characterizes such DM2-related conditions. If this hypothesis were proven to be true, significant advances towards a personalized approach for early prevention strategies and management of DM2 would be made. By focusing on the hair follicles, early stages of metabolic-related organ damage could be identified using non-invasive low-cost techniques. In so doing, this approach could provide early identification of DM2-susceptible individuals and lead to the early initiation of adequate primary prevention strategies to reduce or avoid the onset of large internal organ damage.

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Profiling Amino Acids of Jordanian Scalp Hair as a Tool for Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis: A Pilot Study

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Human Hair as a Testing Substrate in the Era of Precision Medicine: Potential Role of ‘Omics-Based Approaches

Human Hair as a Testing Substrate in the Era of Precision Medicine: Potential Role of ‘Omics-Based Approaches

Biomarkers for nutrient intake with focus on alternative sampling techniques

Hair follicle characteristics as early marker of Type 2 Diabetes

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