Profiling and catalytic upgrading of commercial palm oil-derived biodiesel fuels for high-blend fuels

Chen, Shih‐Yuan; Attanatho, Lalita; Chang, A. M.; Laosombut, Teerawit; Nishi, Masayasu; Mochizuki, Takehisa; Takagi, Hideyuki; Yang, Chia-Min; Abe, Yohko; Toba, Makoto; Chollacoop, Nuwong; Yoshimura, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2018.05.039

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (poly-FAME) in BDF causes its oxidative stability to be low, because the poly-FAME is easily oxidized to peroxides and subsequently acids, and the generated polymerized sludge may damage vehicles [ 2 , 3 ]. Conversely, high contents of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (sat-FAME) worsen the cold flow properties of BDF, and that limits the uses of BDF at low temperatures [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In ASEAN, commercial palm oil-derived biodiesel fuel (palm-BDF) is a major source for blending with petroleum diesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ASEAN, commercial palm oil-derived biodiesel fuel (palm-BDF) is a major source for blending with petroleum diesel. It generally contains approximately 10% of poly-FAME, mostly methyl linoleate with low oxidation stability (denoted as C 18:2 ), approximately 40% of monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (mono-FAME), mostly methyl oleate with high oxidation stability and suitable cold flow properties (denoted as C 18:1 ), and approximately 50% of sat-FAME, mostly methyl palmitate with low cold flow properties (denoted as C 16:0 ) [ 6 ]. Therefore, the selective hydrogenation of poly-FAME to corresponding mono-FAME with enhanced oxidation stability and uncompromising cold flow properties and decrease in the amount of obtained sat-FAME have become an imperative for improving the quality of BDF for use in high blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Pd Precursor Salts on the Chemical State, Particle Size, and Performance of Activated Carbon-Supported Pd Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Palm Biodiesel

Udomsap

Eiad‐ua

Chen

et al. 2021

IJMS

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To improve the oxidative stability of biodiesel fuel (BDF), the polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (poly-FAME) presented in commercial palm oil-derived biodiesel fuel (palm-BDF) were selectively hydrogenated to monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (mono-FAME) under a mild condition (80 °C, 0.5 MPa) using activated carbon (AC)-supported Pd catalysts with a Pd loading of 1 wt.%. The partially hydrotreated palm-BDF (denoted as H-FAME) which has low poly-FAME components is a new type of BDF with enhanced quality for use in high blends. In this study, we reported that the chemical states and particle sizes of Pd in the prepared Pd/AC catalysts were significantly influenced by the Pd precursors, Pd(NO3)2 and Pd(NH3)4Cl2, and thus varied their hydrogenation activity and product selectivity. The 1%Pd/AC (nit) catalyst, prepared using Pd(NO3)2, presented high performance for selective hydrogenation of poly-FAME into mono-FAME with high oxidation stability, owning to its large Pd particles (8.4 nm). Conversely, the 1%Pd/AC (amc) catalyst, prepared using Pd(NH3)4Cl2, contained small Pd particles (2.7 nm) with a little Cl residues, which could be completely removed by washing with an aqueous solution of 0.1 M NH4OH. The small Pd particles gave increased selectivity toward unwanted-FAME components, particularly the saturated fatty acid methyl esters during the hydrogenation of poly-FAME. This selectivity is unprofitable for improving the biodiesel quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pd Precursor Salts on the Chemical State, Particle Size, and Performance of Activated Carbon-Supported Pd Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Palm Biodiesel

Udomsap

Eiad‐ua

Chen

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Zr(IV) ions are reported to accelerate the self-assembly of P123 micelles and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), which resulted in the formation of short-channeling pores [18]. Platelet SBA-15 mesoporous silica catalysts have high thermal stability, large surface area, and uniform-sized pores and shown excellent activity in a several catalytic reactions [18][19][20]. Ethylene oligomerization over conventional Ni-AlSBA-15 catalyst with long channel pore and rod-like or fiber-like analogues have been reported in previous studies [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jet fuel range hydrocarbon synthesis through ethylene oligomerization over platelet Ni-AlSBA-15 catalyst

et al. 2020

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Converting ethylene to biojet fuel range hydrocarbons via oligomerization is an important step in biojet production from ethanol. The present study investigates the catalytic ethylene oligomerization over platelet Ni-AlSBA-15 mesoporous catalysts. The catalysts are synthesized and characterized using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction techniques. The catalytic performances are then evaluated in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor under various conditions of reaction weight hourly space velocities (0.56-4.5 h −1), temperatures (150-350 °C) and pressures (1-20 bar). Experimental results demonstrate that platelet Ni-AlSBA-15 is a promising catalyst for the ethylene oligomerization to produce biojet fuel range hydrocarbons. It performs a good catalytic activity, yielding 98-99 mol% ethylene conversion and 34-42 wt% C 8+ selectivity at 0.56 h −1 , 275-300 °C and 20 bar. The obtained products contain mainly C 4-C 10 olefins with low aromatic compounds. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits good stability of the activity during long periods of operation.

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“…It is generally agreed that the chemicals and fuel with low carbon footprint can be synthesized by the conversion of biomass using various catalytic strategies, which contribute to the reduction of CO 2 emission, and consequently, avert global warming [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. For example, the biodiesel fuel (BDF), which is a so-called first-generation biofuel, can be synthesized by base-catalyzed transesterification of refined vegetable oils with methanol, and it has been extensively used in the transport sector, particularly in America, European Union and Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) counties [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, it has caused a new environmental problem in waste biomass treatment, such as discarded kernel shells and husks, which are massively produced as byproducts in the BDF industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrotreating of Jatropha-derived Bio-oil over Mesoporous Sulfide Catalysts to Produce Drop-in Transportation Fuels

et al. 2019

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The bio-oil was largely produced by thermal pyrolysis of Jatropha-derived biomass wastes (denoted as Jatropha bio-oil) using a pilot plant with a capacity of 20 kg h-1 at Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Thailand. Jatropha bio-oil is an unconventional type of bio-oil, which is mostly composed of fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid amides, and derivatives, and consequently, it contains large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen ~20 wt.%, nitrogen ~ 5 wt.%, sulfur ~ 1000 ppm.). The heteroatoms, especially nitrogen, are highly poisonous to the metal or sulfide catalysts for upgrading of Jatropha bio-oil. To overcome this technical problem, we reported a stepwise strategy for hydrotreating of 100 wt.% Jatropha bio-oil over mesoporous sulfide catalysts (CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and NiMo/γ-Al2O3) to produce drop-in transport fuels, such as gasoline- and diesel-like fuels. This study is very different from our recent work on co-processing of Jatropha bio-oil (ca. 10 wt.%) with petroleum distillates to produce a hydrotreated oil as a diesel-like fuel. Jatropha bio-oil was pre-treated through a slurry-type high-pressure reactor under severe conditions, resulting in a pre-treated Jatropha bio-oil with relatively low amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen < 20 wt.%, nitrogen < 2 wt.%, sulfur < 500 ppm.). The light and middle distillates of pre-hydrotreated Jatropha bio-oil were then separated by distillation at a temperature below 240 °C, and a temperature of 240–360 °C. Deep hydrotreating of light distillates over sulfide CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was performed on a batch-type high-pressure reactor at 350 °C and 7 MPa of H2 gas for 5 h. The hydrotreated oil was a gasoline-like fuel, which contained 29.5 vol.% of n-paraffins, 14.4 vol.% of iso-paraffins, 4.5 vol.% of olefins, 21.4 vol.% of naphthene compounds and 29.6 wt.% of aromatic compounds, and little amounts of heteroatoms (nearly no oxygen and sulfur, and less than 50 ppm of nitrogen), corresponding to an octane number of 44, and it would be suitable for blending with petro-gasoline. The hydrotreating of middle distillates over sulfide NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst using the same reaction condition produced a hydrotreating oil with diesel-like composition, low amounts of heteroatoms (no oxygen and less than 50 ppm of sulfur and nitrogen), and a cetane number of 60, which would be suitable for use in drop-in diesel fuel.

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Profiling and catalytic upgrading of commercial palm oil-derived biodiesel fuels for high-blend fuels

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Pd Precursor Salts on the Chemical State, Particle Size, and Performance of Activated Carbon-Supported Pd Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Palm Biodiesel

Effect of Pd Precursor Salts on the Chemical State, Particle Size, and Performance of Activated Carbon-Supported Pd Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Palm Biodiesel

Jet fuel range hydrocarbon synthesis through ethylene oligomerization over platelet Ni-AlSBA-15 catalyst

Hydrotreating of Jatropha-derived Bio-oil over Mesoporous Sulfide Catalysts to Produce Drop-in Transportation Fuels

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