Profiling free fatty acids in edible oils via magnetic dispersive extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Zhu, Guo‐Qiang; Liu, Fei; Li, Peiyang; He, Sheng; Zhu, Shizheng; Gao, Qiang; Feng, Yu‐Qi

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.124998

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The analysis of fatty acids in foodstuff is another common area of research, which typically involves the derivatization and isolation of targeted classes before the GC×GC separation. The determination of free fatty acids in edible oils is particularly important for quality and authenticity control, and it was recently investigated by performing magnetic dispersive extraction (MDE) followed by derivatization using silylation agents [101]. The extraction method combined the advantages of magnetic solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction.…”

Section: Non‐targeted Analysis Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of sample preparation in multidimensional gas chromatographic separations for non‐targeted analysis with the focus on recent biomedical, food, and plant applications

Franchina

Zanella

Dubois

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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In this review, we consider and discuss the affinity and complementarity between a generic sample preparation technique and the comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography process. From the initial technical development focus (e.g., on the GC×GC and solid‐phase microextraction techniques), the trend is inevitably shifting toward more applied challenges, and therefore, the preparation of the sample should be carefully considered in any GC×GC separation for an overreaching research. We highlight recent biomedical, food, and plant applications (2016–July 2020), and specifically those in which the combination of tailored sample preparation methods and GC×GC–MS has proven to be beneficial in the challenging aspects of non‐targeted analysis. Specifically on the sample preparation, we report on gas‐phase, solid‐phase, and liquid‐phase extractions, and derivatization procedures that have been used to extract and prepare volatile and semi‐volatile metabolites for the successive GC×GC analysis. Moreover, we also present a milestone section reporting the early works that pioneered the combination of sample preparation techniques with GC×GC for non‐targeted analysis.

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Section: Non‐targeted Analysis Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C x:y represent the carbon number and the unsaturation degree of the fatty acids. Reproduced from [101] with permission from Elsevier…”

Section: Non‐targeted Analysis Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sample preparation in multidimensional gas chromatographic separations for non‐targeted analysis with the focus on recent biomedical, food, and plant applications

Franchina

Zanella

Dubois

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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“…In the area of edible oils, GCxGC increases the separation potential and sensitivity compared to one-dimensional GC and offers an attractive alternative in FAME analysis. This method achieved excellent separation of geometric and positional isomers of unsaturated FAME, which is a difficult goal for one-dimensional GC [69]. A GCxGC system is composed of 2 columns with stationary phase of different polarities connected to each other by a modulator that periodically collects, focuses, and transfers the sample from the first to the second column.…”

Section: Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography or Gcxgcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible Oil Parameters during Deterioration Processes

Flores

Avendaño

Bravo

et al. 2021

International Journal of Food Science

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With the continuous increase in research on lipids, technologies and the development of chemical-analytical methods associated with the characterization and monitoring of different processes that involve modifications in edible fats are increasing. The beneficial effect of lipids, especially those essential for the health of the population, is widely known. However, degradation compounds are also produced that eventually have negative effects. In this dual context, the monitoring of the changes suffered by nutritional compounds can be obtained thanks to the development of technologies and analytical methods applied to the study of lipids. The modifications that lipids undergo can be followed by a wide variety of methods, ranging from the basic ones associated with simple chemical titrations to the more complex ones associated with sophisticated laboratory equipment. These determinations involve chemical and/or physical quantification of lipids to know an initial condition on the major and minor components. In addition to technologies that allow monitoring during more complex processes such as thermal deterioration, in multiple conditions depending on the objective of the study, this review could benefit a comprehensive understanding of lipid deterioration for future developments and research in the study of fats and oils for human consumption.

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“…A large number of structurally similar molecules, e.g., n3-vs. n6-PUFA, leads to challenges in analytics. Fatty acyls are often analyzed by means of gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection (GC-FID) or mass spectrometry (GC-MS) due to the high separation efficiency and good sensitivity of GC [9][10][11]. However, transesterification or derivatization is necessary for this analytical procedure, which is on the one hand laborious and time-consuming and on the other hand can lead to discrimination of analytes [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid quantification of fatty acids in plant oils and biological samples by LC-MS

et al. 2021

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Analysis of fatty acids (FA) in food and biological samples such as blood is indispensable in modern life sciences. We developed a rapid, sensitive and comprehensive method for the quantification of 41 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by means of LC-MS. Optimized chromatographic separation of isobaric analytes was carried out on a C8 reversed phase analytical column (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm core–shell particle) with a total run time of 15 min with back pressure lower than 300 bar. On an old triple quadrupole instrument (3200, AB Sciex), pseudo selected reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification of the poorly fragmenting FA, yielding limits of detection of 5–100 nM. Sample preparation was carried out by removal of phospholipids and triglycerides by solid-phase extraction (non-esterified fatty acids in oils) or saponification in iso-propanol (fatty acyls). This is not only a rapid strategy for quantification of fatty acyls, but allows the direct combination with the LC-MS-based analysis of fatty acid oxidation products (eicosanoids and other oxylipins) from the same sample. The concentrations of fatty acyls determined by means of LC-MS were consistent with those from GC-FID analysis demonstrating the accuracy of the developed method. Moreover, the method shows high precisions with a low intra-day (≤ 10% for almost all fatty acids in plasma and ≤ 15% in oils) and inter-day as well as inter-operator variability (< 20%). The method was successfully applied on human plasma and edible oils. The possibility to quantify non-esterified fatty acids in samples containing an excess of triacylglycerols and phospholipids is a major strength of the described approach allowing to gain new insights in the composition of biological samples. Graphical abstract

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Profiling free fatty acids in edible oils via magnetic dispersive extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

The role of sample preparation in multidimensional gas chromatographic separations for non‐targeted analysis with the focus on recent biomedical, food, and plant applications

The role of sample preparation in multidimensional gas chromatographic separations for non‐targeted analysis with the focus on recent biomedical, food, and plant applications

Edible Oil Parameters during Deterioration Processes

Rapid quantification of fatty acids in plant oils and biological samples by LC-MS

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