Profiling household double and triple burden of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence and influencing household factors

Christian, Aaron Kobina; Dake, Fidelia A. A.

doi:10.1017/s1368980021001750

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Children who grew up with relatively older household heads were less likely to be anaemic compared to children with younger heads of household. Previous studies found similar results [ 36 – 38 ]. The possible explanation for this is that older heads have experience with childcare and are likely to take better care of children to prevent illness than younger household heads [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sex of household head and other household determinants of childhood anaemia among households in Ghana: regression analysis of the 2019 Malaria Indicator Survey

Klu

Agordoh

2022

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background Childhood anaemia is still a major public health concern. Although the prevalence of anaemia among children under age five is reducing in Ghana, the severity level is still worsening. This study sought to examine and compare household factors affecting the anaemia status of children under age five living in male- and female-headed households in Ghana. Methods The study used a weighted sample of 5,799 household heads from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey (GMIS). A binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of sex of household heads and other household factors on the anaemia status of children under the age of five in male- and female-headed households in Ghana. All analyses were conducted at the 95% confidence level. Results The results showed that a higher proportion (83.0%) of children under age five are not anaemic in households in Ghana. However, the probability of a child being anaemic is higher in male-headed households (aOR = 1.28; C.I:1.08–1.51), in the poorest (aOR = 2.41; CI: 1.59–3.65), poorer (aOR = 2.04; C.I:1.41–2.94) and middle (aOR = 1.78; C.I:1.29–2.46) household wealth category. Higher likelihood of anaemia was found among children in households that used charcoal (aOR = 1.51; C.I:1.15–1.99) and fuelwood (aOR = 1.44; C.I:1.02–2.02) for cooking. Similarly, there is a high probability of childhood anaemia in households with 5–10 members (aOR = 4.49; C.I: 3.78–5.34), 11 or more members (aOR = 7.21; C.I: 4.60–11.31) and household residing in northern part of Ghana (aOR = 1.40; C.I:1.07–1.83). The lower odds of being anaemic were recorded among children whose household heads were aged 40 years and older, household using other cooking fuels (aOR = 0.49; C.I: 0.21–0.78) and household with no bednets (aOR = 0.57; C.I: 0.44–0.74). Conclusions The GMIS data suggest that anaemia and its severity are higher among children living in MHH than among those living in FHH. The results indicate that poverty, a higher number of household members, relatively younger male household heads and the type of cooking fuel used were factors accounting for the differences in childhood anaemia in MHH and FHH. Equal attention should be given to MHH and FHH in terms of programmes and interventions aimed towards preventing and reducing childhood anaemia in Ghana.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sex of household head and other household determinants of childhood anaemia among households in Ghana: regression analysis of the 2019 Malaria Indicator Survey

Klu

Agordoh

2022

J Health Popul Nutr

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“…Sassi et al (2018) estimated the magnitude of mothers with overweight and children with anaemia living in Tunisia to be 24.4%, which is similar to our pooled prevalence for households with overweight/obesity among mothers and anaemia among children for the Eastern Mediterranean region (24.1%). Christian and Dake (2021) examined the household‐level double and triple burden of malnutrition in Sub‐Saharan African countries. Our study used different definitions of intra‐household DBM, and therefore, our estimates are not directly comparable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐household double burden of overweight/obesity and anaemia: Evidence from 49 low‐and middle‐income countries

Irache

Gill

Caleyachetty

2021

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Globally, overweight/obesity is rising rapidly while anaemia persists. Nevertheless, evidence on their coexistence at the household level remains limited. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we quantified the magnitude, distribution and inequalities (i.e., estimates by wealth, education level and residence) in the intrahousehold double burden (DBM) of overweight/obesity and anaemia among mothers and their children under-5 living in 49 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The pooled prevalence of total intrahousehold DBM was 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.6, 18.8); 16.2% (95% CI: 14.6, 17.9) for mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia; and 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5, 3.1) for mothers with anaemia and children with overweight/obesity. South Africa had the highest prevalence of total DBM at the household level, affecting almost one in three households. Households with mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia followed an inverse social gradient, with higher estimates found in the richest quintile, highest maternal education level and in urban areas; although with some variation across regions. The opposite was observed for mothers with anaemia and children with overweight/obesity. The largest inequality gaps were found for mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia in Togo by household wealth (29.3% points; p < 0.001), in Ghana by maternal education level (28.0% points; p = 0.001) and in Niger by area of residence (25.2% points; p < 0.001). Although double-duty actions might help accelerate action towards reducing malnutrition in all its forms, a comprehensive assessment of the causes of anaemia is first warranted to design effective country-specific programmes.

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“…A review from 2014 also demonstrated how the increase in sugar intake, with an intake higher than the recommended 40 g per day, was a powerful predictor of overweight and obesity in countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania [ 55 , 56 ]. A recent study, conducting data between 2008 and 2017, from 23 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa including Tanzania and Mozambique found out that a triple burden of malnutrition (anemia, underweight and overweight) was present in 5–8% of the households and that interventions must address overweight/obesity but also undernutrition and anemia [ 57 ]. A study on 976 adolescents from Ghana stated an even higher prevalence of overweight than in the present study with almost half of female and male adolescents (48%) overweight, while approximately one-third of males (30.5%) and half of females (52.2%) had mild (females:110–119 g/L, males: 110–129 g/L) to severe (<80 g/L) anemia [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometrics, Hemoglobin Status and Dietary Micronutrient Intake among Tanzanian and Mozambican Pigeon Pea Farmers

et al. 2022

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Inadequate consumption of micronutrient-dense and protein-rich foods such as vegetables, legumes and meat is an important contributing cause for anemia and deficiencies of vitamin A and iron in rural communities of Tanzania and Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional status (anthropometrics and hemoglobin) and diets in particular micronutrient intake of female and male pigeon pea farmers from Lindi, Tanzania, and Gurué, the Zambézia province of Mozambique. A total of 1526 farmers (669 from Tanzania, 857 from Mozambique) were studied, of whom 16% were overweight and 35% were anemic. The highest prevalence of overweight and anemia, at 35% and 48%, was observed in Tanzanian and Mozambican women, respectively. Overall, only a small proportion of women and men reached the recommended daily dietary intake of vitamin A (10%), iron (51%) and zinc (44%). Multiple regression models revealed that dark green leafy vegetables (DGLVs) highly predicted vitamin A intake, whereas legumes in Tanzania and starchy plants in Mozambique were actually the dominant sources of vitamin A. Cereals covered over half of the iron and the zinc intake in both countries. An increased consumption of micronutrient-rich DGLVs and legumes, while reducing the high amounts of refined maize or polished rice, is suggested to counteract the high prevalence of anemia and overweight among smallholder farmers in East and South Eastern Africa.

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Profiling household double and triple burden of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence and influencing household factors

Cited by 51 publications

References 48 publications

Sex of household head and other household determinants of childhood anaemia among households in Ghana: regression analysis of the 2019 Malaria Indicator Survey

Sex of household head and other household determinants of childhood anaemia among households in Ghana: regression analysis of the 2019 Malaria Indicator Survey

Intra‐household double burden of overweight/obesity and anaemia: Evidence from 49 low‐and middle‐income countries

Anthropometrics, Hemoglobin Status and Dietary Micronutrient Intake among Tanzanian and Mozambican Pigeon Pea Farmers

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