Profiling of blood miRNAomes revealed the potential regulatory role of miRNAs in various lameness phenotypes in feedlot cattle

Abstract

Background Lameness is a collective term for multiple foot diseases in cattle including, but not limited to, foot rot (FR), digital dermatitis (DD), and toe tip necrosis (TTN), which is a critical welfare concern. The diagnosis of specific phenotypes of lameness in feedlot cattle is challenging and primarily relies on visual assessments. However, different lameness phenotypes share similar clinical symptoms and there is a limited understanding of potential biomarkers relating to such disease for further molecular diagnosis. This study aimed to identify blood miRNA profiles of feedlot cattle with various lameness phenotypes and whether they could be potential diagnostic markers to differentiate lameness phenotypes and predictive lameness recovery. Results MicroRNAome profiles were generated for the whole blood samples collected from feedlot cattle at Week 0 (W0) before treatment ( n = 106) and longitudinal miRNA expression profiles relating to lameness recovery from W0 to W2 ( n = 140) using RNA-seq. Ten miRNAs were selected to verify miRNA sequencing accuracy using stem-loop RT-qPCR. A total of 321 miRNAs were identified to be expressed in bovine blood samples with three (all downregulated, average log 2 fold change = -1.32), seven (two downregulated with average log 2 fold change = -1.15, five upregulated with average log 2 fold change = 1.68), six (three downregulated with average log 2 fold change = -1.23, three upregulated with average log 2 fold change = 3.31), and fourteen (eight downregulated with average log 2 fold change = -1.24, six upregulated with average log 2 fold change = 1.26) miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in DD, FR, TTN, and FR combined with DD (FRDD) compared to healthy control at W0 (defined as pre-treatment DE miRNAs), respectively. The predicted functions of identified DE miRNAs among different lameness phenotypes were mainly related to Zinc-finger, muscle cell development, and host inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the longitudinal miRNA expression profiles revealed that a total of eight miRNA changed patterns from W0 to W2, with the BTB/POZ-like domain being the most enriched function by longitudinal miRNA expression profiles in both unrecovered and recovered cattle. A total of nine miRNAs (five downregulated with average log 2 fold change = -2.4, four upregulated with average log 2 fold change = 3.7) from W0 to W2 were differentially expressed in unrecovered cattle compared to the recovered cattle, with functions associated with transcription regulation and Zinc-finger. Moreover, the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) revealed that pre-treatment DE miRNAs could serve as good diagnostic markers to diff...