Profiling of Microbial-Derived Phenolic Metabolites in Human Feces after Moderate Red Wine Intake

Abstract

A controlled and randomized trial study involving 41 healthy volunteers (33 intervention and 8 control subjects) was performed in order to establish changes in the microbial-derived phenolic metabolite profile of feces after moderate consumption of red wine (250 mL/day, 4 weeks). Out of the 35 phenolic metabolites identified, 10 compounds (mainly benzoic and 4-hydroxyvaleric acids) showed statistically significant increases (P < 0.05) after the wine intake. Also, the total phenolic metabolites content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the samples after the wine intake (625 ± 380 μg/g feces) in comparison to the samples before (358 ± 270 μg/g feces), and a tentative distribution of the volunteers into three groups could be established: <500, 500-1000, and >1000 μg/g feces. These results suggest that a different gut microbial capacity to metabolize wine polyphenols exists among the human population, as observed for polyphenols from other sources.

Simulador gastrointestinal dinámico (simgi®): una herramienta potencialmente útil en nutrición clínica

“…Los resultados mostraron que la combinación de polifenoles del vino modula la actividad metabó-lica de la microbiota intestinal. A su vez, los datos de este estudio se compararon con los de un estudio previo de intervención en humanos con el mismo vino (27). La consistencia entre ambos resultados a nivel metabólico confirmó la idoneidad del simgi ® como modelo de simulación.…”

“…Este efecto viene determinado en gran medida por la bioaccesibilidad de los polifenoles, los cuales en su mayoría (alrededor del 95%) llegan intactos al colon, donde son metabolizados por la microbiota residente en toda una batería de metabolitos biológicamente activos (32). Un hecho relevante que evidencian los estudios más recientes es que la población humana puede estratificarse en función de su capacidad para metabolizar los polifenoles de distintos alimentos, pudiéndose establecer distintos patrones de metabolismo fenó-lico o "metabotipos" (27,33). El desafío está ahora en relacionar diferentes metabotipos con estados de salud/predisposición a padecer enfermedad y establecer si un determinado metabotipo está mejor preparado para responder a la ingesta de polifenoles.…”

Some Contributions to the Study of Oenological Lactic Acid Bacteria through Their Interaction with Polyphenols

“…Wine polyphenols include benzoic and cinnamic acids, phenolic alcohols and stilbenes among the non-flavonoids and anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols, flavonols and others among the flavonoids. Most of them are minimally absorbed in the small intestine but they are extensively metabolized by enzymes from the colonic microbiota [11,12]. As colonic catabolites could be present in higher concentrations than the parent compounds, the biological activities attributed to polyphenols seem to be mainly due to them [13,14].…”

“…As colonic catabolites could be present in higher concentrations than the parent compounds, the biological activities attributed to polyphenols seem to be mainly due to them [13,14]. Therefore, the bioactivity of wine polyphenols is likely to be dependent on the microbiota activity that shows great human inter-individual differences [12].…”

Understanding the protective effects of wine components and their metabolites in the brain function

“…When these forms reach the liver through blood circulation, they are partially conjugated into glucuronides, sulfates and O-methyl derivatives [7]. Furthermore, these compounds had been detected in human urine and faeces after moderate and regular wine consumption [8,9], meanwhile several evidences have suggested the capacity of these compounds to go through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [10,11]. a e-mail: victoria.moreno@csic.es…”