Profiling of Nutritionally Vital Bioactive Compounds in Emerging Green Leafy Vegetables: A Comparative Study

Saini, Ramesh Kumar; Song, Minho; Yu, Ji-Woo; Lee, Jung‐Hoon; Ahn, Hui-Yeon; Keum, Young‐Soo; Lee, Ji-Ho

doi:10.3390/foods11233867

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Cheong) [ 62 ]. In another recent study on GLVs, α-tocopherol levels ranging from 22.0 µg/g FW in spinach to 87.7 µg/g FW in Moringa were recorded [ 43 ]. Considering these previous reports, Toona sinensis foliage investigated in the present study is a rich source of α-tocopherol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lipophilic bioactive carotenoids and tocols were simultaneously extracted from fresh foliage using our recently optimized method [ 43 ]. In sum, a 2 g fresh sample was placed into a Falcon 50 mL conical centrifuge tube and homogenized with 25 mL of a solvent mixture (acetone/ethanol/cyclohexane, 1:1:2, v / v ) containing 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as an antioxidant [ 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow rate was maintained at 0.5 mL/min. The source and compound parameters were optimized as follows: drying gas flow, 10 L/min; nebulizing gas flow, 3 L/min; corona needle voltage, 4.0 kv; interface temperature, 400 °C; DL temperature, 300 °C; heat block temperature, 300 °C; Q1 resolution, ±20 ppm; and data acquisition (sampling), 1.85625 Hz [ 43 ]. Quantitative analysis was performed using the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotenoid and Tocopherol Profiling in 18 Korean Traditional Green Leafy Vegetables by LC-SIM-MS

Lee

Sivanesan

et al. 2023

Foods

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Fruits and vegetables are a vital source of redox-active phytochemicals in the diet. Traditional green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are a rich source of carotenoids, dietary fiber, minerals, phenols, vitamins, and tocopherols and are commonly consumed in rural areas worldwide. In traditional Korean medicine, many GLVs are used to treat various ailments. However, data on the carotenoid and tocopherol content of many traditional GLVs consumed in the Republic of Korea are insufficient. The current work aims to compare the carotenoid and tocopherol profiles of 18 traditional GLVs by utilizing a single ion monitoring LC-MS approach to identify the potential GLVs for commercial cultivation and healthy diet formulations. Among the traditional GLVs investigated, (all-E)-lutein was the most abundant carotenoid, ranging from 44.4% in Glehnia littoralis to 52.1% in Heracleum moellendorffii. It was followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. The highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin (75.6 µg/g FW), 9-Z-neoxanthin (48.4 µg/g FW), (all-E)-luteoxanthin (10.8 µg/g FW), (all-E)-lutein (174.1 µg/g FW), total xanthophylls (310.5 µg/g FW), (all-E)-β-carotene (69.6 µg/g FW), and total carotenoids (380.1 µg/g FW) were recorded in Pimpinella brachycarpa. Surprisingly, Taraxacum mongolicum also showed the highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin, (all-E)-lutein, and total carotenoids, which were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05, Tukey HSD) with P. brachycarpa. The highest concentration of (all-E)-zeaxanthin (14.4 µg/g FW) was recorded in Solidago virga-aurea. Among the studied herbs, 13.9 (H. moellendorffii)–133.6 µg/g FW (Toona sinensis) of α-tocopherol was recorded. Overall, the results suggest that P. brachycarpa and T. mongolicum are rich sources of carotenoids. On the other hand, T. sinensis is a rich source of α-tocopherol. These GLVs can be utilized in the diet to enhance the intake of health-beneficial carotenoids and α-tocopherol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotenoid and Tocopherol Profiling in 18 Korean Traditional Green Leafy Vegetables by LC-SIM-MS

Lee

Sivanesan

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…Carotenoids, for instance astaxanthin, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and lycopene, have displayed noteworthy characteristics as antioxidants. Moreover, their antioxidant mechanism enables carotenoids to impede the onset and progression of numerous medical conditions, including cancer, skin disorders, eye diseases, diabetes, and coronary artery disease [45]. Nevertheless, an arduous task lies in the categorization of carotenoids as either anti-or pro-oxidant compounds due to their multifaceted nature and the diverse oxidation byproducts they produce [46].…”

Section: Carotenoids As Antioxidant Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyes Are the Rainbow of Our Health

Shammout,

Alsaleh,

Natsheh

et al. 2023

Chemistry

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Natural dyes, obtained without the use of chemical treatment, are derived from naturally occurring sources, such as plants, animals, insects, and minerals. The usage of natural substances and their medicinal properties dates back to the origins of human civilization. The purpose of this review is to highlight the medicinal importance of selected natural colors, which sheds light on the critical role played by these dyes in the pharmaceutical industry. The objective is to showcase the health benefits of each color that can be obtained from nature for medicinal purposes based on their chemical structure. The review presents the reasons for utilizing natural resources in addressing various health issues, with a focus on three specific problems: microbial infections, cancer, and oxidative stress. Our review highlights the potential of natural resource structures, particularly anthocyanins, genipin, carotenoids, phycocyanin, and chlorophylls, in combating these ailments, emphasizing the need to explore their resources further for medicinal purposes. While most reviews provide a survey about colorful crude plant extracts in relation to one or a few categories of human health, our review focuses on the specific chromophore extracted not only from plants but also from any natural resource to provide a specific chromophore effect in a whole resource. The review highlights the significant role performed by organic pigments in the medicinal domain, with organic colorants acting as an essential element of the pharmaceutical sector’s weaponry. Hence, it is of paramount significance to actively promote and stress the adoptions of naturally existing chromophores in diverse everyday commodities, while simultaneously acknowledging and valuing their substantial importance and worth in the vast realm of the pharmaceutical industry.

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“…The analysis of phytosterols involved silylation and was performed using the QP2010 SE GC-MS instrument manufactured by Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan. The instrumental conditions are summarized in Table 4 [43,44]. To verify the identity of phytosterols, we compared the mass fragmentation pattern with authentic standards and reference databases, including NIST08S, NIST08, and Wiley9.…”

Section: Phytosterols Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Profiling of Carotenoids, Tocopherols, Phytosterols, and Fatty Acids in the Flower Petals of Ten Marigold (Tagetes spp. L.) Cultivars

Saini,

Ahn,

Park

et al. 2023

Foods

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Marigold (Tagetes spp.) flower petals are the most vital sources of carotenoids, especially lutein esters, for the production of natural lutein to use for food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. Several marigold cultivars are cultivated globally; however, their lutein ester composition and contents have not been widely investigated. Considering this, this study aimed to identify and quantify prominent carotenoid esters from the flower petals of ten marigold cultivars by liquid chromatography (LC)–diode-array detection (DAD)–mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, tocopherols, phytosterols, and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)–flame ionization detection (FID) and GC–MS. Furthermore, the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging abilities of lipophilic extracts were determined. The total carotenoid contents varied significantly (p < 0. 05, Tukey HSD) among cultivars, ranging from 25.62 (cv. Alaska)–2723.11 µg/g fresh weight (cv. Superboy Orange). Among the five major lutein-diesters, (all-E)-lutein-3-O-myristate-3′-O-palmitate and lutein dipalmitate were predominant. Among the studied cultivars, α-tocopherol was recorded, ranging from 167.91 (cv. Superboy Yellow) to 338.50 µg/g FW (cv. Taishan Orange). Among phytosterols, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging between 127.08 (cv. Superboy Yellow) and 191.99 µg/g FW (cv. Taishan Yellow). Palmitic acid (C16:0; 33.36–47.43%) was the most dominant among the fatty acids. In this study, the highest contents of lutein were recorded from cv. Superboy Orange; however, due to the substantially higher flower petal yield, the cv. Durango Red can produce the highest lutein yield of 94.45 kg/ha. These observations suggest that cv. Durango Red and cv. Superboy Orange are the ideal candidates for lutein fortification in foods and also for commercial lutein extraction.

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Profiling of Nutritionally Vital Bioactive Compounds in Emerging Green Leafy Vegetables: A Comparative Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Carotenoid and Tocopherol Profiling in 18 Korean Traditional Green Leafy Vegetables by LC-SIM-MS

Carotenoid and Tocopherol Profiling in 18 Korean Traditional Green Leafy Vegetables by LC-SIM-MS

Dyes Are the Rainbow of Our Health

Quantitative Profiling of Carotenoids, Tocopherols, Phytosterols, and Fatty Acids in the Flower Petals of Ten Marigold (Tagetes spp. L.) Cultivars

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