Progesterone receptor isoforms expression pattern in the rat brain during the estrotts cycle

Guerra‐Araiza, Christian; Cerbón, Marco; Morimoto, Sumiko; Camacho‐Arroyo, Ignacio

doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00497-5

Cited by 92 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These findings were confirmed for protein expression in the isoformspecific mice but not WT mice due to technical limitations. In contrast to individual neurons, the ratio shifted toward favoring PR-B in punched-out VMN tissue, a finding consistent with that in rat MBH (Kato et al 1994, Guerra-Araiza et al 2000. The present study does not determine whether PR-A acts as an inhibitor of PR-B activity by forming heterodimers with PR-B in WT cells (Graham & Clarke 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Hypothalamic progesterone receptor-A mediates gonadotropin surges, self priming and receptivity in estrogen-primed female mice

White

Sheffer²,

Teeter³

et al. 2007

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Ovarian progesterone (Prog) is an essential steroid hormone for the secretion of GnRH and reproductive behavior. It exerts primary effects through the progesterone receptor (PR). When analyzed separately in vitro, PR isoforms (PR-A, PR-B) display striking differences in transcriptional activity. The present study was undertaken to determine the in vivo impact of each isoform on hypothalamic function in female mice with ablation of a single isoform, either PR-A or PR-B. To this end, we used single-cell RNA analyses, reverse transcriptase real-time (q)PCR mRNA analyses of punched-out tissue, immunohistochemistry, and reproductive behavior. We provide evidence for the requirement of PR-A in individual ventrolateral ventromedial nucleus (vlVMN) neurons for Prog-facilitated proceptive and receptive behaviors in estrogen benzoate (EB)-primed females and the reciprocal male interactions. We clarify histological and molecular mechanisms of PR isoform activity by showing that (1) PR-A is predominant in individual vlVMN neurons controlling female lordosis circuitry, whilst (2) PR-B is predominant in those VMN subdivisions that provide for amplification of PR-A activity. We go on to demonstrate that PR-A is dominant in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus but not the arcuate nucleus that feed fibers into and around the VMN. In the medial preoptic area, high levels of GnRH RNA in EB-primed PR-A-expressing mice were seen coincident with increased plasma LH levels. Two consecutive GnRH pulses enhanced LH only in primed PR-A-expressing females. In all, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hypothalamic PR-A-mediated genomic activities result in reproductive behavior coordinated with ovulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Hypothalamic progesterone receptor-A mediates gonadotropin surges, self priming and receptivity in estrogen-primed female mice

White

Sheffer²,

Teeter³

et al. 2007

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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“…Other studies have reported that many genomic and non-genomic effects of progestins are attributable to progestin metabolites; however, a role for progestin activation of progestin receptors (PRs) remains [26,29]. PR expression in many brain regions can be directly regulated by estrogens [9,27]. We have shown that few nuclear PRs in non-catecholaminergic cells are found in the RVLM (unpublished observations).…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

Ultrastructural localization of extranuclear progestin receptors relative to C1 neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla

Milner

Mitterling

Iadecola

et al. 2008

Neuroscience Letters

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To better understand the role of progestins in the C1 area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), immunocytochemical localization of progestin receptors (PRs) was combined with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in single sections of RVLM from proestrus rat brains prepared for light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy, PR-immunoreactivity (-ir) was detected in a few nuclei that were interspersed between TH-labeled perikarya and dendrites. Electron microscopy revealed that PR-ir was in several extranuclear locations. The majority of PR-labeling was in non-TH immunoreactive axons (51 ± 9%) near the plasma membrane. Additional dual labeling studies revealed that PRimmunoreactive axons could give rise to terminals containing the GABAergic marker GAD65. PRir also was found in non-neuronal processes (29 ± 9%), some resembling astrocytes. Occasionally, PR-ir was in non-TH-labeled terminals (10 ± 3%) affiliated with clusters of small synaptic vesicles, or in patches contained in the cytoplasm of dendrites (10 ± 1%). These findings suggest that progestins can primarily modulate neurons in the C1 area of the RVLM by presynaptic mechanisms involving GABAergic transmission. Moreover, they suggest that PR activation may contribute to progestin's effects on arterial blood pressure during pregnancy as well as to sex differences in central cardiovascular regulation. KeywordsBaroreceptor; Electron microscopy; Bulbospinal neurons; Presynaptic profiles; GABA; Glia Ovarian hormones, especially estrogens and progestins, regulate arterial blood pressure (ABP) and cardiovascular tone. Within the CNS, estrogens are known to act within the wellestablished medullary sites that regulate sympathetic outflow (for review see [32]). In particular, local injections of 17β-estradiol into the rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which contains sympathoexcitatory bulbospinal neurons and is critical for tonic (resting) and reflex control of systemic arterial pressure [1,7], decreases sympathetic tone [30,31]. Our recent study revealed that estrogens modulate calcium currents in C1 catecholaminergic bulbospinal neurons in the RVLM and that estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta have unique distributions relative to C1 neurons [39].☆ Grant support: NIH grants HL18974, DA08259 (TAM), NS07080 and T32 DK07313 (E.M.W.).

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“…On the other hand, there is strong in vivo evidence of genomic and membrane actions of P, as well as ligand-independent P receptor activation in the regulation of lordosis behavior and gonadotrophin release (Bellido et al 1999, Schumacher et al 1999, Chappell & Levine 2000, Auger 2001, Mani 2001. E 2 induces the expression of P receptors in the pituitary and hypothalamus, with the highest level in the proestrus (Guerra-Araiza et al 2000, Scott et al 2000, Turgeon & Waring 2000. We may infer that the reduction in E 2 secretion on the proestrus day decreased P receptor expression and thus it could have affected the lordosis response in the neonatal handled females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal handling and reproductive function in female rats

Gomes¹,

Raineki²,

Paula³

et al. 2005

Journal of Endocrinology

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Neonatal handling induces anovulatory estrous cycles and decreases sexual receptivity in female rats. The synchronous secretion of hormones from the gonads (estradiol (E 2 ) and progesterone (P)), pituitary (luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones) and hypothalamus (LH-releasing hormone (LHRH)) are essential for the reproductive functions in female rats. The present study aimed to describe the plasma levels of E 2 and P throughout the estrous cycle and LH, FSH and prolactin (PRL) in the afternoon of the proestrus, and the LHRH content in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), median eminence (ME) and medial septal area (MSA) in the proestrus, in the neonatal handled rats. Wistar pup rats were handled for 1 min during the first 10 days after delivery (neonatal handled group) or left undisturbed (nonhandled group). When they reached adulthood, blood samples were collected through a jugular cannula and the MPOA, ME and MSA were microdissected. Plasma levels of the hormones and the content of LHRH were determined by RIA. The number of oocytes counted in the morning of the estrus day in the handled rats was significantly lower than in the nonhandled ones. Neonatal handling reduces E 2 levels only on the proestrus day while P levels decreased in metestrus and estrus. Handled females also showed reduced plasma levels of LH, FSH and PRL in the afternoon of the proestrus. The LHRH content in the MPOA was significantly higher than in the nonhandled group. The reduced secretion of E 2 , LH, FSH and LHRH on the proestrus day may explain the anovulatory estrous cycle in neonatal handled rats. The reduced secretion of PRL in the proestrus may be related to the decreased sexual receptiveness in handled females. In conclusion, early-life environmental stimulation can induce long-lasting effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis .

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Progesterone receptor isoforms expression pattern in the rat brain during the estrotts cycle

Cited by 92 publications

References 26 publications

Hypothalamic progesterone receptor-A mediates gonadotropin surges, self priming and receptivity in estrogen-primed female mice

Hypothalamic progesterone receptor-A mediates gonadotropin surges, self priming and receptivity in estrogen-primed female mice

Ultrastructural localization of extranuclear progestin receptors relative to C1 neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla

Neonatal handling and reproductive function in female rats

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