Progestin‐Androgen Combination Regimens for Male Contraception

Mc, Meriggiola; Wj, Bremner

doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1997.tb01913.x

Cited by 51 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…T HERE IS A general concern about long-term steroid intake, and in both in females and males, the aim of hormonal contraceptive research is to find the lowest hormonal dose that would allow reliable contraception and at the same time maximally reduce the incidence of complications and the likelihood of developing long-term side effects (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most recently developed androgen-progestin combinations have been shown to be highly effective in terms of sperm suppression and fully reversible contraceptive regimens in men (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). In the short-term, these hormonal combinations do not induce any major changes in clinical and laboratory parameters, thus promising to also be safe for long-term use (1). Therefore, androgen-progestin regimens hold great promise to be further developed and become a real option for contraception in the male.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Testosterone Undecanoate Maintains Spermatogenic Suppression Induced by Cyproterone Acetate Plus Testosterone Undecanoate in Normal Men

Meriggiola¹,

Costantino²,

Cerpolini³

et al. 2003

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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In this study we evaluated whether testosterone undecanoate (TU), alone or combined with low dose cyproterone acetate (CPA), can maintain spermatogenic suppression induced by higher doses of CPA plus TU. Twenty-four men received for 12 wk 20 mg/d CPA plus 1000 mg/6 wk TU and then 1000 mg/8 wk TU plus 20 mg/d CPA (n = 8), 2 mg/d CPA (n = 8), or plus placebo (n = 8) for 32 wk. Blood samples, physical examinations, hormones, chemistry, hematology, semen analysis, and sexual/behavioral assessments were performed throughout the study. Sperm counts decreased to less than 1 million/ml in all subjects by wk 12, and 54% of them achieved azoospermia. Suppression of sperm counts was maintained until wk 44. Serum LH and FSH levels were suppressed by wk 12 of hormone administration and remained suppressed until wk 44. No significant changes in any biochemical parameters were detected at wk 44 in any group. There was a slight increase in total prostate volume to within the normal range at wk 44 that returned to baseline 1 yr after stopping hormone administration. In conclusion, TU alone or combined with lower doses of CPA maintains sperm suppression induced by higher dose CPA plus TU for 32 wk. This prototype regimen represents a promising male contraceptive regimen.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Testosterone Undecanoate Maintains Spermatogenic Suppression Induced by Cyproterone Acetate Plus Testosterone Undecanoate in Normal Men

Meriggiola¹,

Costantino²,

Cerpolini³

et al. 2003

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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“…Because of its progestational activity CPA may act together with TE at the hypothalamuspituitary level in suppressing gonadotrophins (Matsumoto and Bremner, 1989). Because of its anti-androgenic activity CPA may also act at the gonadal level to block the stimulatory effect of androgens on sperm development (Whalen and Luttge, 1969;Sharpe, 1987;Sharpe et al, 1988;Weinbauer et al, 1988;Anderson et al, 1996Anderson et al, , 1997Meriggiola and Bremner, 1997). Compared to previous studies that used MPA or LNG, the administration of CPA with testosterone resulted not only in a better suppression of spermatogenesis but also in fewer adverse effects (Friedl et al, 1985;Bebb et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recent studies have shown that the administration of a progestin in combination with an androgen is more effective than that of an androgen alone in suppressing spermatogenesis (Bebb et al, 1996;Meriggiola et al, 1996;Meriggiola and Bremner, 1997). The rationale for this hormonal combination is based on the additive effect of these two compounds in suppressing gonadotrophins and therefore spermatogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low dose of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate for contraception in men

Meriggiola¹,

Bremner²,

Costantino³

et al. 1998

Human Reproduction

100

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After a control phase, 10 normal men received cyproterone acetate (CPA) at a dose of 25 mg/day (CPA-25; n=5) or 12.5 mg/day (CPA-12.5; n=5) plus testosterone enanthate (TE) 100 mg/week, for 16 weeks. Throughout the study sperm counts were performed every 2 weeks, and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, biochemical and haematological tests were performed every 4 weeks. All five men in group CPA-25 and three men in group CPA-12.5 achieved azoospermia. One man in group CPA-25 was azoospermic by week 12 of hormone administration, but had a sperm count of 0.1 x 10(6)/ml at week 16. Time to azoospermia was 9.0+/-1.3 and 8.7+/-0.7 weeks in groups CPA-25 and CPA-12.5 respectively. Gonadotrophins were decreased by week 4 of hormone administration, remained around the minimum detectability of the assay for the duration of hormone administration and returned to baseline after stopping hormone administration. Testosterone values did not change. No change in any biochemical parameters was found. Haematological parameters were decreased at week 16 of hormone administration and returned to baseline after stopping hormone administration. In conclusion, these results suggest that an hormonal regimen consisting of testosterone plus a progestin with anti-androgenic properties holds promise as an effective, safe and reversible male contraceptive.

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“…Progestins additively suppress FSH and LH secretion from the pituitary. 45 The first androgen–progestin combination efficacy study with 52 couples was published in 2003; no pregnancies were seen. 46 This led to a WHO/CONRAD trial testing intramuscular injections of testosterone undecanoate and norethisterone enanthate every 8 weeks to prevent pregnancy in 320 couples.…”

Section: Male Contraceptive Mechanism 2: Inhibition Of Sperm Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Contraception

Amory

2023

Semin Reprod Med

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Approximately 40 to 50% of pregnancies are unintended. Contraceptive use significantly reduces the risk of unintended pregnancy. Approximately 70% of couples' contraceptive use is female and 30% is male, attributable to the reliance on condoms and vasectomies. Unfortunately, many women cannot use currently available contraceptives due to medical contraindications or side effects. At the same time, men want additional safe and effective contraceptive methods. Because of this, work to develop novel, safe, and effective male contraceptives is underway. This review will briefly discuss the pros and cons of condoms and vasectomies, and then describe research into the development of novel methods of male contraception, by the mechanism of action of the contraceptive. First, we will discuss male contraceptives that block sperm transmission. Next, we will discuss male contraceptives that impair sperm production. Lastly, we will discuss male contraceptives that impair sperm function.

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Progestin‐Androgen Combination Regimens for Male Contraception

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

Testosterone Undecanoate Maintains Spermatogenic Suppression Induced by Cyproterone Acetate Plus Testosterone Undecanoate in Normal Men

Testosterone Undecanoate Maintains Spermatogenic Suppression Induced by Cyproterone Acetate Plus Testosterone Undecanoate in Normal Men

Low dose of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate for contraception in men

Male Contraception

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