Prognosis in Mental Disease

Bond, Earl D.; Braceland, Francis J.

doi:10.1176/ajp.94.2.263

Cited by 39 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A number of studies have been excluded because of such factors as excessive inadequacy of follow-up, partial duplication of cases with others included in our table, failure to indicate type of treatment used, and other reasons which made the results useless from our point of view. Papers thus rejected are those by Thorley & Craske [37], Bennett and Semrad [2], H. I. Harris [19], Hardcastle [17], A. Harris [18], Jacobson and Wright [21], Friess and Nelson [14], Comroe [5], Wenger [38], Orbison [33], Coon and Raymond [6], Denker [8], and Bond and Braceland [3]. Their inclusion would not have altered our conclusions to any considerable degree, although, as Miles et al point out: "When the various studies are compared in terms of thoroughness, careful planning, strictness of criteria and objectivity, there is often an inverse correlation between these factors and the percentage of successful results reported" [31, p. 88].…”

Section: Effects Of Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I. Harris [19], Hardcastle [17], A. Harris [18], Jacobson and Wright [21], Friess and Nelson [14], Comroe [5], Wenger [38], Orbison [33], Coon and Raymond [6], Denker [8], and Bond and Braceland [3]. Their inclusion would not have altered our conclusions to any considerable degree, although, as Miles et al point out: “When the various studies are compared in terms of thoroughness, careful planning, strictness of criteria and objectivity, there is often an inverse correlation between these factors and the percentage of successful results reported” [31, p. 88].…”

Section: Effects Of Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of psychotherapy: An evaluation.

Eysenck¹

1992

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

152

130

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The recommendation of the Committee on Training in Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association regarding the training of clinical psychologists in the field of psychotherapy has been criticized by the writer in a series of papers [10,11,12]. Of the arguments presented in favor of the policy advocated by the Committee, the most cogent one is perhaps that which refers to the social need for the skills possessed by the psychotherapist. In view of the importance of the issues involved, it seemed worth while to examine the evidence relating to the actual effects of psychotherapy, in an attempt to seek clarification on a point of fact. These patients were regularly seen and treated by their own physicians with sedatives, tonics, suggestion, and reassurance, but in no case was any attempt made at anything but this most superficial type of "psychotherapy" which has always been the stock-in-trade of the general practitioner. Repeated statements, every three months or so by their physicians, as well as independent investigations by the insurance company, confirmed the fact that these people actually were not engaged in productive work during the period of their illness. During their disable-

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Section: Effects Of Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of psychotherapy: An evaluation.

Eysenck¹

1992

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

152

130

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“…For this reason it is useful to assess earlier studies in which patients were followed for a minimum of five years, though it should be emphasized that the five-year period may have been taken as either the quinquennium after Table 1. Clinical and social outcome of 36 studies of the course of schizophrenia of at least 5 years duration Selection years 1900-1929Bond & Braceland (1937 Braatoy (1936) Evensen (1936) Freyhan (1955) Langfeldt (1937) Mayer-Gross (1932) Rennie & Fowler (1939) Rosanoff (1914) Stearns (1912) Selection years 1930-1949Astrup et al (1962 Beck (1968) Bleuler (1978) Ciompi & Muller (1976) Eitinger et al (1958) Freyhan (1955 Harris et al (1956) Hastings (1958 Holmboe & Astrup (1957) Malamud & Render (1939) Masterson (1956) Rupp & Fletcher (1940) Shepherd (1957) Tsuang & Winokur (1975) Selection years 1950Achte (1967 Affleck et al (1976) Biehl et al (1986) Bland & Orn (1979) Brown et al (1966) Huber et al (1975 …”

Section: Duration Of Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of schizophrenia: a five-year follow-up study of outcome and prediction in a representative sample of schizophrenics

Shepherd¹,

Watt²,

Falloon³

et al. 1989

Psychol. Med. Monogr. Suppl.

262

136

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Longitudinal studies of schizophrenia based on at least 70 subjects and a minimum five-year follow-up period are reviewed in respect of the requirements of adequate method. A cohort of 121, PSE-diagnosed, schizophrenic admissions from a defined population was identified. The sex-distribution of the subjects was almost equal. Forty per cent were first admissions; 65% of the men and 24% women were unmarried; the mean age of onset for men was 28.6 years, for women 33.2 years. Almost half (48%) were continuously employed (including house and child care) for 2 years prior to admissions. First rank symptoms of schizophrenia were present in 79% of the men and 86% of the women. Comprehensive, standardized assessments of clinical state and social function were made on discharge from hospital and at follow-up by home interview of patient and relative(s). Outcome was also assessed by duration and frequency of readmission and by duration of employment. First admissions were analysed separately from the whole cohort. There were 49 first admissions generating an incidence of 7.4 per 100,000 general population per annum. Sixty-nine per cent of men and 13% of women were unmarried. The mean age of admission for men was 30.8 years, women 40.3 years and the mean age of onset 30.7 and 38.6 respectively. After 5 years first rank symptoms were present in 46% of the males and 35% of the females. The proportion showing depressive symptoms fell from 39% at intake to 22% at five years. In terms of a combination of symptoms and readmissions there was a good outcome in 50% of men and 65% of women, a trend comparable to that found in the whole cohort. For the whole cohort a combination of the number of symptoms and admissions disclosed a good outcome for 48%. The mean total duration of readmissions during the five years for men was 76 weeks and for women 27 weeks. Depressive symptoms were present in 38% at intake and 21% after 5 years. An overall rating of social functioning at 5 years showed no more than mild impairment for 47% of men and 74% of women, although individual items were more impaired. However, 38% of the group showed no more than mild impairment in any aspect of social functioning rated. Clinical and social outcome were, in general, closely correlated. The difference in outcome between men and women and the relations between clinical and social outcome are discussed. By means of an application of measures of association between independent and dependent variables to the onset data the clinical and social categories of pathology and impairment at 5 years were forecast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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“…It is part of a publication on prognosis of mental disorder published in 1937 by Bond and Braceland. The last paper includes a third‐person narrative in a case report by Grover [10–12].…”

Section: Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%