Prognosis in Schizophrenia

Bland, Roger; Parker, Jack H.; Orn, Helene

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770080067006

Cited by 77 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The total sample of patients was 14 192, including over half of the patients from the W‐SOHO study that reported a small, but significant relationship between age at onset and the outcome (Haro et al, 2011). One study reported in 2 papers indicated an opposite significant relationship between the variables (Bland & Parker, 1978; Bland et al, 1976). Stronger ( r ≥ 0.30) correlations were also reported (Boato, Caputo, Comazzi, & Ferrari, 1995; Bora, Eryavuz, Kayahan, Sungu, & Veznedaroglu, 2006; Greig, Bell, Kaplan, & Bryson, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age at onset is one of the most commonly analysed predictor of outcome in schizophrenia but the results obtained in different original studies are far from conclusive: some have found a lower age at onset to have a positive effect on outcomes (Bland & Parker, 1978; Bland, Parker, & Orn, 1976; Stefanopoulou et al, 2011; Stephens, Richard, & McHugh, 1997), some a negative effect (Altamura, Bassetti, Sassella, Salvadori, & Mundo, 2001; Juola, Miettunen, Veijola, Isohanni, & Jääskeläinen, 2013) and others no effect at all (Üçok, Gorwood, & Karadayı, 2012). In their systematic review, Menezes and colleagues studied age at onset alongside other predictors of “good” and “bad” outcomes, functional recovery, intermediate outcome, relapse, readmission, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale and employment/education in first‐episode psychosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age at onset and the outcomes of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Immonen

Jääskeläinen

Korpela

et al. 2017

Early Intervention Psych

227

116

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The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of age at onset on the long‐term clinical, social and global outcomes of schizophrenia through a systematic review and a meta‐analysis. Original studies were searched from Web of Science, PsycINFO, Pubmed and Scopus, as well as manually. Naturalistic studies with at least a 2‐year follow‐up were included. Of the 3509 search results, 81 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis was performed in Stata as a random‐effect analysis with correlation coefficients between age at onset and the outcomes (categorized into remission, relapse, hospitalization, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, total symptoms, general clinical outcome, employment, social/occupational functioning and global outcome). There was a statistically significant (P < .05) correlation between younger age at onset and more hospitalizations (number of studies, n = 9; correlation, r = 0.17; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.09–0.25), more negative symptoms (n = 7; r = 0.14; 95% CI 0.01–0.27), more relapses (n = 3; r = 0.11; 95% CI 0.02–0.20), poorer social/occupational functioning (n = 12; r = 0.15; 95% CI 0.05–0.25) and poorer global outcome (n = 13; r = 0.14; 95% CI 0.07–0.22). Other relationships were not significant. This was the first systematic review of the effects of age at onset on the long‐term outcomes of schizophrenia. The results show that age at onset has a small, but significant impact on some of the outcomes of schizophrenia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at onset and the outcomes of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Immonen

Jääskeläinen

Korpela

et al. 2017

Early Intervention Psych

227

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Education, marital status, and employment status were used as indicators of functional development. Although this was far from ideal, both education and marital status 1973) Nyman ( 1978) Moller et al (1982) Masterson ( 1956) Bleuler (1972) Bland et al (1976 Ciompi & Muller (1976) Bland & Orn (1978) Muller et al (1986 iDSM-ll.…”

Section: Variables Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and the Course of Schizophrenia: Differences in Treated Outcomes

Angermeyer

Kühn

Goldstein

1990

Schizophrenia Bulletin

251

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A survey of the literature suggests that women tend to exhibit a more favorable course of schizophrenia than men. This seems to be true for a range of outcome measures, such as hospital treatment, psychopathology, and social adaptation. Due to methodological limitations, however, the empirical evidence for gender differences in outcome is not wholly consistent. In 1983, a study of first-admitted patients with DSM-III diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder (n = 278) from the Greater Hannover area in the Federal Republic of Germany followed patients for an average of 3 years. The present study has followed these patients for an average of 8 years. When confounding factors (e.g., age and marital status) were controlled for, schizophrenic women showed a better course of hospital treatment, experienced a shorter length of hospital stay, and survived longer in the community after their first hospital admission. Only the number of hospitalizations did not differ significantly between the sexes in the present study in contrast to the original study.

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“…Studies focusing on FE populations vary in their diagnostic criteria, exclusion criteria, method of subject identification, and description of the initial presentation. Outcome variables, either in relation to specific intervention (Kane et al 1982; Crow et al 1986; MacMillan et al 1986; Scottish Rite Schizophrenia Research Group 1987; Lieberman et al 1989) or as a “naturalistic” followup (Bland and Parker 1976; Gift et al 1980; Harrow et al 1985; Rabiner et al 1986; Carone et al 1991), are reported in greater detail than entry characteristics. Using a factor analysis of symptom items from the Psychiatric Assessment Interview (World Health Organization 1973), Gift and colleagues (1980) found that factors related to psychosis and bizarre behavior were associated with poor outcome in patients with schizophrenia, while a factor describing affect was unrelated to outcome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenology and Functioning in First-Episode Schizophrenia

Shtasel

Gur

Gallacher

et al. 1992

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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One current view of schizophrenia is that its clinical and functional features show a deteriorating course, particularly for negative symptoms. However, this is difficult to study in chronic patients who have been exposed to pharmacologic treatment and institutionalization. Examining first-episode (FE) patients can help clarify which symptoms are present initially and how the symptom pattern is linked to functioning. We evaluated a sample of 37 FE patients with schizophrenia and compared them to 70 other schizophrenia (OS) patients on standard clinical scales, measures of premorbid functioning, and quality of life. FE patients showed a symptom profile similar to OS patients; in particular, there was no evidence that negative symptoms are less severe in the FE group. Analysis of the clinical data led us to the conclusion that the symptom profile of schizophrenia exists at the outset, that negative symptoms are associated with poor premorbid and current functioning, but that the role of positive symptoms is more complex and may vary in subtypes.

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Prognosis in Schizophrenia

Cited by 77 publications

References 19 publications

Age at onset and the outcomes of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Age at onset and the outcomes of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Gender and the Course of Schizophrenia: Differences in Treated Outcomes

Phenomenology and Functioning in First-Episode Schizophrenia

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