Prognosis of Canine Mast Cell Tumors: A Comparison of Three Methods

Abstract

Abstract. In this study, age, sex, recurrence, metastasis, death rate, and histologic patterns were in agreement with those of previous reports on canine mast cell tumors. Histologic grading, mitotic index, chromosome nucleolar organizer regions stained with silver (AgNORs), and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated as indicators of prognosis. Histologic grading, AgNORs estimated in 100 cells, and PCNAlabeled fraction estimated in five high power fields (HPFs) were significantly different between recurring and nonrecurring tumors. Those prognostic factors were also significantly different between tumors that metastasized and those that did not. The survival time was lower in dogs with mast cell tumors with histologic grade 3 (Patnaik's), AgNOR counts higher than 2.25, and PCNA count in five HPFs higher than 261. The significance of these factors as markers for prognosis determined by logistic regression analysis differed with the time period considered. By combining the three most significant prognostic factors in a prognostic index, three models were obtained to determine the probability of nonrecurrence at 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. The models were accurate in the prediction of the outcome of up to 80% of mast cell tumors. The use of these models provides a less subjective means of prognosticating mast cell tumors than the use of any one component alone.

E-cadherin in canine mast cell tumors: Decreased expression and altered subcellular localization in Grade 3 tumors

“…In this study, the most commonly affected breed was the Boxer, which is consistent with studies in the literature reporting a hereditary predisposition for animals related to the Bulldog, such as Boxers (O' Keefe, 1990;Simoes et al, 1994;Lemarié et al, 1995;Fox, 1998;London and Seguin, 2003;Misdorp, 2004;Costa et al, 2007;Strefezzi et al, 2009;Costa-Casa Grande et al, 2008). Golden Retrievers are also reported to be over-represented (Bostock and Dye, 1973).…”

“…The survival time of dogs with multiple MCTs was not significantly different to dogs with solitary tumors. Multiple tumors were more prevalent in this study than previously reported in the literature (3-14% from Macy, 1985;O'Keefe, 1990;Simoes et al, 1994).…”

“…Clinical and molecular studies of MCTs have focused on precisely identifying the molecular alterations for each grade and defining the biochemical and biological impact on cancer cell proliferation and differentiation (Bostock et al, 1989;Simoes et al, 1994;Abadie et al, 1999;Leibman et al, 2000;Lana et al, 2000;Bergmann, 2003;Scase et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2004;Webster et al, 2007;Strefezzi et al, 2009). The expression profiles of a variety of biological markers, such as Ki67, c-Kit, Ag-NOR, chymase and tryptase, have been investigated as potential prognostic markers (e.g.…”

“…The expression profiles of a variety of biological markers, such as Ki67, c-Kit, Ag-NOR, chymase and tryptase, have been investigated as potential prognostic markers (e.g. progression, metastasis and life expectancy) (Bostock et al, 1989;Simoes et al, 1994;Abadie et al, 1999;Bergmann, 2003;Scase et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2004;Webster et al, 2007).…”

Comparative analysis of markers of cell proliferation in canine mast cell tumours according to current classifications

“…This points to the usefulness of cell proliferation studies. PCNA and Ki-67 have been used for many years as markers of cell proliferation, and both constitute established prognostic factors for MCT (Simoes et al 1994, Abadie et al 1999, Bergman et al 2004). However, to the best of our knowledge, this study was the first analysis of MCM-3 expression in canine mast cell tumours.…”