Prognostic factors for breast cancer squamous cell carcinoma and nomogram development for prediction: population-based research

Abstract

Background: To investigate the prognostic survival factors of breast squamous cell carcinoma (BSqCC) and develop a comprehensive nomogram for predicting the survival of breast cancer squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify patients diagnosed with BSqCC from 1973 to 2015. The data was obtained using SEER Stat 8.3.4 software, collated, and analyzed by Excel 2016 software and SPSS (v25.0). Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. The variables obtained by univariate analysis were introduced into the Cox proportional hazard model for multivariate analysis. The risk factors affecting the prognosis of BSqCC were obtained. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The independent prognostic factors of BSqCC were integrated and used to construct nomograms.Results: A total of 739 patients with BSqCC was included. The median age of diagnosis was 66 years. In most cases, the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was negative. One-third of the cases underwent breast-conserving surgery, and more than half of the cases underwent mastectomy (unilateral or bilateral). The 1-year survival rate was 81.2%, the 3-year survival rate was 62.9%, the 5-year survival rate was 54.4%, and the 10-year survival rate was 41.4%. Age (χ 2 =71.050, P<0.001), marital status (χ 2 =37.560, P<0.001), tumor size (χ 2 =27.931, P<0.001), surgical procedure (χ 2 =74.185, P<0.001), the number of positive lymph nodes (χ 2 =38.542, P<0.001), and the primary site (χ 2 =59.217, P<0.001) were significantly correlated with patient survival time. Among them,

Profile of Histopathological Type and Molecular Subtypes of Mammary Cancer of DMBA-induced Rat and its Relevancy to Human Breast Cancer

“…This type is reported in DMBA-induced cancer rats [11], [37]. This cancer is often malignant and has a bad prognosis [36]. This research also found the existence of necrosis, inflammation, rare tubular image, variation of nucleus shape and size, increased mitosis, and infiltration in the connective tissue around it.…”

“…Adenocarcinoma squamous is also a rare type of human breast cancer [36]. Histopathology showed metaplasia squamous cells and experienced partial or no keratinization.…”

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast, a Rare Entity: Report of Case from Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso and Review of the Literature

“…In our case, the patient had no other primary site or histological type of breast carcinoma in the affected breast. Treatment is based on mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection for large tumours, combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy [8]. Conservative treatment is possible for small tumours [8].…”

“…Treatment is based on mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection for large tumours, combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy [8]. Conservative treatment is possible for small tumours [8]. Squamous cell carcinoma is not very lymphophilic and in 70% of cases, curage is free of lymph node metastasis [9].…”

“…It is a very aggressive cancer, most often triple negative [7]. Its prognosis is comparable to that of undifferentiated carcinomas [8]. In Burkina Faso, PEC of the breast is exceptional and has never been reported in the literature.…”