Prognostic factors for visual acuity improvement after treatment of submacular hemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration

Abstract

Purpose To recognize prognostic factors for better final visual acuity (VA) in patients presenting with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration. Methods This retrospective study included patients who presented to a tertiary ophthalmology department between 2012 and 2019 with SMH and were treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with pneumatic displacement. Baseline characteristics included demographic data, VA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of the SMH. Patients were divided into groups by improvement of at least 2 lines in BCVA (best corrected visual acuity), and by having a final BCVA better than 20/200. Results Forty-three eyes of 43 patients were included. Mean age was 86.72 ± 7.18. Prognostic factors for final VA better than 20/200 included better VA at presentation (1.25 vs 1.90 logMAR, p < 0.001), smaller area of SMH in the infra-red image (19.47 mm2 vs 38.45 mm2, p = 0.024), and lower height of SMH as measured by OCT (713.5 µm vs 962.5 µm, p = 0.03). Third of the patients improved in ≥2 lines from presentation, all in the group of the pneumatic and TPA displacement. Conclusion Smaller SMHs with good VA at presentation have a better chance for improvement and result in a better final VA. These patients may benefit the most from pneumatic displacement of the SMH with intravitreal tPA and gas.