Prognostic Factors in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

King, J. N.; Tasker, Séverine; Gunn-Moore, Danièlle; Strehlau, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03042.x

Cited by 156 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These tests were only run for two 25 week-old NP-C disease cats. Urine protein/creatinine ratio was normal (0.15 and 0.18; reference range <0.2) (15). Mild elevations in both pre-prandial (8.6 μmol/L and 22.0 μmol/L; reference <2.0 μmol/L) and post-prandial bile acids (18.4 μmol/L and 37.8 μmol/L; reference <10 μmol/L) were found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, Electrophysiological, and Serum Biochemical Measures of Progressive Neurological and Hepatic Dysfunction in Feline Niemann-Pick Type C Disease

et al. 2008

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Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a neurovisceral lysosomal storage disease characterized by neurological dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly, and early death. Natural history studies are very difficult to perform due to the low incidence and high heterogeneity of disease in the human population. Sixteen cats with a spontaneously occurring missense mutation in NPC1 were evaluated over time to define the progression of neurological and hepatic disease. Affected cats had remarkably regular onsets of specific signs of cerebellar and vestibular system dysfunction with progressive severity of dysfunction quantified by post-rotatory nystagmus and brain stem auditory evoked response measures. NP-C disease cats also showed increasing serum activity of alanine aminotransferase, asparate aminotransferase, and cholesterol with advancing age. Affected cats lived to a mean age of 20.5 +/- 4.8 weeks. Central nervous system and hepatic lesions were similar to those described in human patients. These data are the first to document progressive hepatic disease in the feline model and demonstrate the importance of liver disease as part of the NP-C disease phenotype. Both neurological and hepatic measures of disease onset and severity can be used as a baseline with which to assess the efficacy of experimental therapies of NP-C disease in the feline model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, Electrophysiological, and Serum Biochemical Measures of Progressive Neurological and Hepatic Dysfunction in Feline Niemann-Pick Type C Disease

et al. 2008

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“…pCre is the most reliable marker for feline CKD, as described earlier [2], and its significance as a prognostic marker of feline CKD has been recently demonstrated [8]. Therefore, the degree of renal Ang II induction is not correlated with the severity of feline CKD, although Ang II induction may contribute to the progression of glomerulosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Association between the Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System and Renal Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease of Dogs and Cats

Mitani

Yabuki

Taniguchi

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The association of renin and angiotensin II, which are potent components of the renin-angiotensin system, with the severity of chronic renal disease was investigated immunohistochemically in dogs and cats. Immunoreactivities of renin and angiotensin II were evaluated quantitatively, and their correlations with the degrees of glomerulosclerosis, glomerular hypertrophy, interstitial cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis were statistically analyzed. Immunoreactivities for renin were detected in afferent arteries in both dogs and cats. The score of renin-positive signals showed no correlation with plasma creatinine concentration or any of the histopathological parameters, except for the diameter of glomeruli in dogs. Immunoreactivities for angiotensin II were detected in tubules (primarily proximal tubules) and interstitial mononuclear cells in both dogs and cats. The score of tubular angiotensin II correlated with glomerulosclerosis and cell infiltration in cats but not in dogs. The score of interstitial angiotensin II correlated with plasma creatinine concentration, glomerulosclerosis, cell infiltration and fibrosis in dogs and with glomerulosclerosis and cell infiltration in cats. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that intrarenal renin-angiotensin system is correlated with the severity of kidney disease, with the underlying mechanism differing between dogs and cats. Kidney disease, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD), has increased together with longevity in dogs and cats. Previous studies have indicated that the pathological mechanisms of the incidence and progression of CKD differ between dogs and cats. Previous investigations on the histopathological differences between canine and feline kidney disease show that tissue damage appears to be prominent in the glomerulus in dogs and in the tubulointerstitium in cats [16,22]. The results of our recent study demonstrate these species-specific histopathological features [29], and we suggest that the mechanisms for development of myofibroblasts, which play critical roles in renal fibrosis, differ between canine and feline CKD. Although many other species-specific mechanisms have been hypothesized to be involved in the pathological differences between canine and feline CKD, most of them remain unclear.The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a major physiological mechanism that regulates hemodynamics including systemic blood pressure and renal glomerular capillary pressure. However, activation of the RAS is a major risk factor for the progression of CKD. Hypertension and increase of angiotensin II (Ang II) induced by an enhanced systemic RAS cause malignant hemodynamic changes directly or indirectly [26]. RAS-induced glomerular hypertension may contribute to glomerular hypertrophy and glomerular sclerosis. Moreover, the tissue-specific local RAS has been found to have a pathological role in inducing fibrotic changes [6,14]. Local RAS refers to in situ synthesis of all components for Ang II generation, and the kidney is an example of an ...

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“…In a prospective clinical trial, King et al [15] found a highly significant negative correlation between plasma P concentration and survival time. The relevance of serum P in CKD was further confirmed in a retrospective study on predictors of survival time: Boyd et al [16] found serum P concentration at time of diagnosis to be the only clinicopathologic variable tested that was predictive of survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerability and efficacy of the intestinal phosphate binder Lantharenol® in cats

et al. 2012

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BackgroundTolerability and efficacy of the intestinal phosphate binder Lantharenol® (lanthanum carbonate octahydrate) were tested in two prospective, randomized and negative controlled laboratory studies with healthy adult cats fed commercial maintenance diets non-restricted in phosphorus. In the first study, the maximal tolerated dose was determined. Starting from a dose of 0.125 g/kg body weight mixed with the daily feed ration, the dose of Lantharenol® was doubled every other week until signs of intolerability were observed (N = 10 cats compared to 5 untreated controls). In the second study, the effects of feed supplementation for two weeks with approximately 2, 6, and 20% of the maximal tolerated dose on phosphorus excretion patterns and balance were assessed (N = 8 cats per group).ResultsLantharenol® was found to be safe and well tolerated up to the dose of 1 g/kg bodyweight, corresponding to a concentration of 84 g Lantharenol®/kg complete feed, defined as dry matter with a standard moisture content of 12%. Feed supplementation for two weeks with approximately 2-20% of this dosage (i.e., 1.6, 4.8, and 16 g/kg complete feed) resulted in a shift from urinary to faecal phosphorus excretion. Apparent phosphorus digestibility was dose-dependently reduced compared to the control group fed with diet only (N = 8).ConclusionsThe feed additive was well accepted and tolerated by all cats. Therefore, Lantharenol® presents a well tolerated and efficacious option to individually tailor restriction of dietary phosphorus as indicated, for instance, in feline chronic kidney disease.

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Prognostic Factors in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Cited by 156 publications

References 19 publications

Clinical, Electrophysiological, and Serum Biochemical Measures of Progressive Neurological and Hepatic Dysfunction in Feline Niemann-Pick Type C Disease

Clinical, Electrophysiological, and Serum Biochemical Measures of Progressive Neurological and Hepatic Dysfunction in Feline Niemann-Pick Type C Disease

Association between the Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System and Renal Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease of Dogs and Cats

Tolerability and efficacy of the intestinal phosphate binder Lantharenol® in cats

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