Prognostic factors of myelodysplastic syndromes—A simplified 3-D scoring system

Prognostic factors and scoring systems in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a retrospective analysis of 213 patients

“…In our series, the rate of transformation of CMML to AML was comparable to findings in previous reports, 12,20,24,26 confirming that the frequency of blastic transformation in patients with CMML is between 14% and 20%. This frequency is much lower than that in MDS categories such as refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) and RAEB in transformation, wherein more than 50% of patients may develop AML.…”

“…Most such studies have been carried out within overall populations of MDS patients; the largest number of patients with CMML included in a single study was 125. 12 At least 19 studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] that included more than 30 patients with CMML each sought to assess the prognostic value of laboratory and clinical variables and to delineate prognostic factors. However, the selection of patients for these studies was undoubtedly influenced by diagnostic criteria.…”

Primary myelodysplasia occurring in adults under 50 years old: a clinicopathologic study of 52 patients

“…2 Other large studies of MDS have also included rare patients under the age of 50. [17][18][19][20][21] One of the largest series to date is that of Sutton and associates for the Société Française de Greffe de Moelle, 22 who assessed the response of 71 patients with de novo MDS to treatment by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In that series, 61 patients were between the age of 15 and 50 years at the time of bone marrow transplantation.…”

“…23 Numerous risk classification systems for MDS prognosis have been reported. 1,19,20,[24][25][26][27][28] In 1997, a large analysis designed and carried out by several investigators resulted in the International Prognosis Scoring System (IPSS) for MDS. This prognostic score includes five variables considered important in predicting the rate of AML transformation: bone marrow blast percentage, number of cytopenias, cytogenetic subgroup, age and gender.…”

Multilineage dysplasia without increased blasts identifies a poor prognosis subset of myelodysplastic syndromes

“…Over the past decade, different scoring systems have been proposed to obtain a better prognostic characterization of individual MDS patients, but imprecision persists with these analyses. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Rosati et al 8 reviewed 60 patients for whom the original diagnosis was RA, RARS, MDS 'unclassifiable' or RAEB, and identified 18 cases characterized by multilineage hematopoietic dysplasia, but with an insufficient number of blood or bone marrow blasts to meet the FAB criteria for RAEB, and too few monocytes for a diagnosis of CMML. This subset of MDS, named 'refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia' (RCMD), had a short survival time (24 months), more similar to that of RAEB (18 months) than RA/RARS (107 months).…”