Prognostic Impact and Risk Factors of Immune-Related Pneumonitis in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Who Received Programmed Death 1 Inhibitors

The mechanism and risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients

“…Notably, the results regarding this topic were all from retrospective analyses, which were inevitably influenced by bias even after statistical adjustment. Therefore, this issue still needs evaluation in prospective and large sample studies 100 – 102 . Third, the morbidity and mortality of CIP in diverse NSCLC histological types are confusing.…”

Pneumonitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Clinical Data to Translational Investigation

“…A multi-institutional analysis suggested that the development of pneumonitis was significantly associated with increased progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab (26). Nevertheless, some other studies found that treatment efficacy and survival were significantly decreased in patients with CIP compared with those without ICI therapy in NSCLC (5,27,28), while another retrospective study showed that no significant survival differences were seen with the occurrence of pneumonitis in metastatic melanoma treated with nivolumab (29).…”

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis

“…A recent study reported that patients who developed immune-related ILD had a favorable objective response rate and progression-free survival compared to patients without ILD [67]. Nevertheless, 3 studies reported decreased overall survival in patients with NSCLC who developed ICI-related pneumonitis compared to those who did not [68-70]. Another challenging issue that remains to be clarified is whether the impact on survival reflects the lung toxicity itself or the need to use immunosuppressants [61] since another study reported shorter survival in patients with NSCLC treated immunotherapy who receive corticosteroids for a non-irAE etiology [71].…”