Prognostic Impact of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Predictive Role in Salivary Gland Cancer

Veneroni, Maria Vittoria; Festa, Bianca Maria; Costantino, Andrea; Spriano, Giuseppe; Mercante, Giuseppe; Virgilio, Armando De; Tommaso, Luca Di

doi:10.1007/s12105-023-01528-y

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Many histological varieties and their distinct features have been proven to greatly influence the interaction between cancer and the immune system ( Table 1 ). Indeed, high or low immunogenicity itself cannot be correlated straight away with a specific prognostic value ( 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages as potential predictors of lymph node metastases in major salivary gland cancers

et al. 2023

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to define if tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) could represent potential predictors of lymph node metastases (LNM) in salivary gland cancers (SGC).MethodsA selected number of immunohistochemical markers related to TILs (CD3, CD4, CD68, and FOXP3) and TAMs (CD68 and CD163) were investigated on major salivary gland cancers. TIL and TAM densities were measured on digital images using the open-source QuPath both in the tumor interior (TI) and invasive margin (IM). Correlation with pathologic N classification and follow-up clinical data was investigated.ResultsA total of 25 consecutive patients (men: 11; median age: 62.0) were included. Densities of CD3+ IM (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2–51.2), CD8+ TI (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2–51.2), CD8+ IM (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2–51.2), FOXP3+ TI (OR = 24.0, 95% CI 2.2–255.9), CD68+ TI (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2–51.2), and CD163+ IM (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2 – 51.2), and the Immunoscore CD8/CD3 (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4) were significantly associated with LNM (p < 0.05). CD3+ TI density was significantly associated with tumor recurrence and death (HR = 5.8, 95% CI 1.5–22.6; p < 0.05).ConclusionA high density of specific TIL and TAM subpopulations might be correlated with a higher probability of LNM in SGC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages as potential predictors of lymph node metastases in major salivary gland cancers

et al. 2023

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“…Although the immune environment is diverse, the majority of studies have focused on PD-L1 expression on tumor cells or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. 6,28,30 This has been of particular interest, as it is a therapeutic target for immunotherapies. There is no standard cut-off for positive versus negative expression of PD-L1 by IHC, and several different scoring systems have been used including the Tumor progression score (TPS), which only evaluates staining on viable tumor cells, the Combined positive score (CPS), which includes PD-L1 staining of tumor cells, lymphocytes and macrophages, and the Immune cell score, which evaluates PD-L1 scoring on immune cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the literature has described the immune infiltration in salivary gland cancers utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC). Although the immune environment is diverse, the majority of studies have focused on PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or PD‐1 on tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes 6,28,30 . This has been of particular interest, as it is a therapeutic target for immunotherapies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the unique molecular and immunologic features of SDCs seen in prior studies, 7,27,28 we compared CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in SDCs to the other salivary gland malignancies (Figure S4a,b, respectively). Although the SDCs tended to cluster together in the UMAP for both CD8+ T cells (Figure 3A) and CD4+ T cells (Figure 4A), no significant differences or trends were seen in the various subpopulations of T cells, perhaps due to the small sample size.…”

Section: Subpopulation Of Cd8+ and Cd4+ T Cells In Salivary Duct Carc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The tumor microenvironment of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors

Wai,

Okholm,

et al. 2024

Head & Neck

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BackgroundTreatment of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) remains challenging. Little is known about the immune landscape of SGTs. We aimed to characterize the tumor microenvironment in benign and malignant SGTs.MethodsEleven benign and nine malignant tumors were collected from patients undergoing curative intent surgery. Specimens were analyzed using mass cytometry by time‐of‐flight. Immune cell populations were manually gated, and T cells were clustered using the FlowSOM algorithm. Population frequencies were compared between high‐grade and low‐grade malignancies, corrected for multiple hypothesis testing.ResultsThere were trends towards increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells among malignant tumors. High‐grade malignancies exhibited trends towards higher frequencies of CD8+ PD‐1+ CD39+ CD103+ exhausted T cells, CD4+ FoxP3+ TCF‐1+ CD127− Tregs, and CD69+ CD25− CD4+ T cells compared to low‐grade malignancies.ConclusionSGTs exhibit significant immunologic diversity. High‐grade malignancies tended to have greater infiltration of exhausted CD8+ T cells and Tregs, which may guide future studies for immunotherapy strategies.

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“…[52] Currently, the prognostic and predictive aspect of the tumor microclimate is being studied to apply therapies with Programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors. [52,53] In the case of benign tumors, inflammation appears to play a crucial role in the development of tumors and can continue to exist throughout the growth process due to its ability to promote cell proliferation. [54] The mean maximum diameter of the tumors supports the heterogeneity of this pathology.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of nonneoplastic and neoplastic disorders of the salivary glands

Vamesu,

Ursica,

Gurita

et al. 2023

Medicine

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The spectrum of major and minor salivary gland disorders varies widely. Epidemiological data on some injury categories are rare and often not up-to-date. This study aims to analyze epidemiological data using clinical, paraclinical, and histopathological parameters. Study was carried out for 5 years on the nonneoplastic and tumoral pathology of the salivary glands. Data were statistically analyzed using the appropriate parameters. Data analysis according to the biological behavior of the lesions revealed great heterogeneity. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the type of injury, age (P = .002) and gender (0.033). The environment of origin of the patients as well as the comorbidities reflected in most cases the nature of the process. Associations were also observed between the biological behavior of the lesions and the hemicranial topography (P = .019), the type of salivary gland (P = .024), and the surgical technique used (P < .001). Most cases were identified in the major salivary glands, often in the parotid. The most common diseases are represented by nonspecific chronic sialadenitis (nonneoplastic lesion), pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor (benign tumors), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (malignant tumor), and squamous carcinoma (secondary tumor). They presented axial diameters between 2 to 95 mm. The most used curative technique was subtotal excision with facial nerve preservation. In conclusion, the study highlighted the main epidemiological aspects of salivary gland disorders. Some data agree with the specialty literature, and particular aspects are also observed. Therefore, this research is useful both in the medical and research fields.

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Prognostic Impact of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Predictive Role in Salivary Gland Cancer

Cited by 5 publications

References 80 publications

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages as potential predictors of lymph node metastases in major salivary gland cancers

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages as potential predictors of lymph node metastases in major salivary gland cancers

The tumor microenvironment of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors

A retrospective study of nonneoplastic and neoplastic disorders of the salivary glands

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