Prognostic implication of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features in patients with anaplastic gliomas

Abstract

In many chemical and allied manufacturing systems, product quality is controlled based on postprocess quality inspection on sampled final products. Statistical analysis of the identified quality problems is then utilized to improve process operation, and thus the quality of succeeding products. Although this type of reactive quality control (QC) is necessary, it is not only inefficient because it “waits for” the occurrence of product quality problems, but also ineffective due to usually a significant time lag from problem identification, through solution derivation, to action taking. Furthermore, the derived solutions for problem solving are mostly heuristic in nature. This paper introduces a proactive product QC approach, which is established based on the concept of integrated product and process (IPP) control. Aiming at simultaneous dynamic control of process operation and product manufacturing, this approach ensures all‐time systematic control of both process performance and product quality. From the view point of both process control and product control, it is shown that IPP control can be realized by resorting to a well known scheme, cascade control. The IPP control problem for Single‐Input‐Single‐Output systems can be formulated rigorously, and the control laws can be identified readily. A synthesized IPP control system can effectively reject disturbances on the process and the product, and have excellent set‐point tracking capability, regardless of the type of interaction between the process and the product. The efficacy and attractiveness of the IPP control system design methodology are demonstrated through two types of case studies. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007

Performance Evaluation of Radiologists with Artificial Neural Network for Differential Diagnosis of Intra-Axial Cerebral Tumors on MR Images

“…It is known that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from DWIs, relative concentrations of certain metabolites measured by MR spectroscopy, and relative regional cerebral blood volume determined by PWIs can provide useful diagnostic information for differentiating brain tumors. [21][22][23][24] However, ADC changes due to the presence of cystic, necrotic, and hemorrhagic areas must be carefully considered as well as the influence of artifacts caused by inhomogeneous structures such as the skull base bone and sinus air. [25][26][27] This also applies to MR spectroscopy and PWIs, and it remains to be solved for application to ANN.…”

Revisiting anaplastic astrocytomas I: An expansive growth pattern is associated with a better prognosis

“…The survival advantage seen in RPA class I patients, which are, by definition, younger patients, as well as the well-documented survival advantage for younger patients with malignant gliomas (10,22), created concern that the survival advantage seen in patients with NEAA tumors (Fig. 5A) or expansive tumors (Fig.…”

Bevacizumab for recurrent alkylator‐refractory anaplastic oligodendroglioma

“…13 Those drugs most active are the nitrosoureas, such as carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU), in addition to temozolomide (TMZ), procarbazine, cis-retinoic acid, and platinum compounds. 1,2,4,5,[10][11][12]14,17,[23][24][25][26][27] Bevacizumab, with or without irinotecan (CPT-11), has activity in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM), and a small data set exists for activity as well in recurrent anaplastic gliomas. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The objective of this single institution retrospective analysis was to observe whether bevacizumab as a single agent, given every 2 weeks, could significantly delay progression in patients with neuroradiographically recurrent 1p19q codeleted AO/AOA as determined by PFS-6.…”