Prognostic implication of types of tumor-associated macrophages in Hodgkin lymphoma

Abstract

To evaluate roles of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) for prognosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Expression of markers for TAMs, CD68, HLA-DR, CD163, HLA-DR/CD68 (M1), and CD163/CD68 (M2) was immunohistochemically examined in 82 cases with CHL. Positively stained cells were counted and correlation of number of TAMs and patients' survival time was analyzed. Number of CD163+ cells and M2 cells was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (P < 0.05), while it was marginally significant for CD68+ cells (P = 0.0827). HLA-DR + cells and M1 cells showed no significant correlation with overall survival. When confined to mixed cellularity subtype, number of M1 cells was correlated with favorable prognosis (P < 0.05), while M2 did not (P = 0.7). Older age and male sex were unfavorable factors for prognosis. At multivariate analysis, number of CD163+ cells, M2+ cells, and age were independent factors for poor overall survival (P = 0.03, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively). CD163+ cells and M2 cells might work to be tumor promotive in CHL. M1 cells might be tumor suppressive in mixed cellularity type.

The Ratio of the Absolute Lymphocyte Count to the Absolute Monocyte Count Is Associated with Prognosis in Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Correlation with Tumor-Associated Macrophages

“…Pathologically, cHL is characterized by the presence of a small number of diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cells in a background of bystander reactive cells composed of lym-vestigators, including the present authors, validated the adverse prognostic impact of a high TAM content using immunohistochemical staining for CD68 and CD163 [5][6][7][8][9][10]. TAMs are believed to provide trophic factors that directly accelerate the growth and survival of malignant lymphocytes [11][12][13][14].…”

<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Nuclear Factor-KappaB Activity by Small Interfering RNA on Pro-tumor Characteristics of M2-Like Macrophages

“…[1][2][3] So far, many clinical studies have revealed that the presence of TAMs are strongly correlated with a poor prognosis for cancer patients. [4][5][6] Macrophages mainly polarize into two phenotypes with different cytokine and growth factor production profiles. 7,8) Classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) have an interleukin (IL)-10 low and IL-12 high phenotype.…”

High tumour-associated macrophages infiltration is correlated with poor survival outcome in classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma

“…Different cut-off points were used and accordingly the results are different. While, most studies reported association between high CD68+ TAM infiltration and poor survival outcomes (DFS, [5,19,[35][36][37][38]41] DSS, [13,19,36] or OS), [5,[35][36][37][41][42][43][44][45] fewer studies found that there no relation between high levels of CD68+ TAM infiltration and outcome. [16,26,39,40] The results from our study support the trend that higher CD68+ TAM infiltration in TAM can be used as a biological marker for stratification of patients with risk of adverse outcome.…”

“…[16,[37][38][39][40] Also high CD68 was not found to be independent predictor of primary treatment outcome. However, different studies reported different association of high CD68 with some clinicopathological findings as B symptoms, [38,41,42] age, [35,41] mixed cellularity subtype, [5,35,[41][42][43] primary treatment failure, [5,19,36,38] male sex, [35] bulky disease, [35] and IPS. [35,37,41] In our study, there was association between high CD68+ TAM infiltration and higher disease stage similar to previous reports.…”