Prognostic Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

This meta-analysis assessed the use of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a means of early detection of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) following diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. We used Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to conduct a systematic search. There was no limitation regarding language or date of publication. We reported standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Due to high heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used, and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment. Thirty-one articles were included in the analysis. Patients in the CIN group had elevated levels of NLR compared with those in the non-CIN group (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.52–1.04, P < .001). Similar results were observed in either prospective (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.13–1.93, P = .02) or retrospective studies (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.45–0.96, P < .001). The pooled sensitivity of NLR was 74.02% (95% CI = 66.54%–81.02%), and the pooled specificity was 60.58% (95% CI = 53.94%–66.84%). NLR shows potential as a cost-effective biomarker for predicting CIN associated with contrast-involved treatments. This could help implement timely interventions to mitigate CIN and improve outcomes.