“…Visualization of these biomarkers is particularly important for understanding their biological roles in cellular events. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pivotal cytokine, is widely expressed and released by many types of cells, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and tumor cells. , It regulates a variety of cellular and biological functions, thereby contributing to the control of cell fate . Mounting evidence has demonstrated the importance of MIF in cancer cells, in which the overexpressed MIF results in the manipulation of the immune system to protect cancer cells, inducing cell proliferation and angiogenesis. , Elevated MIF activity has also been closely connected with the metastatic potential and the alteration of tumor-suppressive pathways. , Tumor tissues, such as liver, lung, breast, colon, and brain-derived tumors, have been found to significantly overexpress MIF compared to normal cells .…”