1994
DOI: 10.1007/bf01052886
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Prognostic significance of proteolytic enzymes in human brain tumors

Abstract: Proteases and their inhibitors have been shown to play roles in tumor invasion and metastasis in a number of experimental models. Recently, relative increases in the amounts of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tumor samples have been correlated with poorer, pathological grade, shorter disease-free interval, and shorter survival. To date, all studies investigating the prognostic significance of proteases and their inhibitors have been limited to extracr… Show more

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Cited by 71 publications
(29 citation statements)
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“…Cell lines represent a good experimental tool to study tumor cells, but the profound genetic modifications of cell lines may render them heterogeneous and not representative of the in vivo conditions: gene expression in these cells could be altered by their permanent in vitro life. Contrasting literature data, concerning the presence and the localization of VEGF, tPA and PAI-1 in tumor specimens, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] prompted us to further define the capacity of glioma cells to produce and also to secrete VEGF, tPA and PAI-1. These are secreted proteins and thus their localization in a cell type could be due to receptor capture.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Cell lines represent a good experimental tool to study tumor cells, but the profound genetic modifications of cell lines may render them heterogeneous and not representative of the in vivo conditions: gene expression in these cells could be altered by their permanent in vitro life. Contrasting literature data, concerning the presence and the localization of VEGF, tPA and PAI-1 in tumor specimens, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] prompted us to further define the capacity of glioma cells to produce and also to secrete VEGF, tPA and PAI-1. These are secreted proteins and thus their localization in a cell type could be due to receptor capture.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Since the uPA gene promoter contains a binding site for Ets, and Ets1 is a major transcription factor regulating uPA gene expression, enhanced expression of uPA gene in transformed cells is largely attributed to overexpression of Ets-1 (Watabe et al, 1998;D'Orazio et al, 1997;Stacey et al, 1995). uPA is a serine protease and contributes to tumor invasion by degrading extracellular matrix components, and thus its expression is widely correlated with tumor metastasis (Testa and Quigley, 1990;Bindal et al, 1994). PAI-1 is an inhibitor of uPA, but paradoxically expression of PAI-1 also correlates with tumor metastasis (Sappino et al, 1991;GrondahoHansen et al, 1993;Foekens et al, 1994).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this regard, the overexpression of the protease inhibitor, PAI-1, has paradoxically been correlated with increased tumorigenicity of various peripheral tumors (60-66) as well as gliomas (67)(68)(69)(70). As such, the classic anti-invasive role ascribed to protease inhibitors may be somewhat restrictive, as protease inhibitors, such as PAI-1, may also contribute to the migratory/invasive phenotype.…”
Section: Integrins In the Regulation Of Protease Activity: Focus On Tmentioning
confidence: 99%