Prognostic significance of serum iron levels in cases of Japanese encephalitis

Bharadwaj, Mandvi; Prakash, Vaidya Shikha; Mathur, Asha; Chaturvedi, U. C.

doi:10.1136/pgmj.67.785.247

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The histopathology of JE has been studied in great detail [5], while little is known regarding biochemical alteration during infection. Our earlier studies revealed a significant fall in serum iron levels in JEV infection, both in humans [6] and in mice [7], caused by the action of macrophage-derived factor, which blocks the release of iron from splenic reticuloendothelial cells [7]. We recently showed leakage of plasma protein and infectious JEV in urine [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of hypoglycaemia in Japanese encephalitis virus infection: the role of T lymphocytes

Khanna¹,

Mathur²,

Bharadwaj³

et al. 1997

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYWe report here development of hypoglycaemia in the convalescent phase of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in mice by the induction of antigen-specific Ly1 ¹ 2 + T cells in the spleen which mediate hypoglycaemia through the generation of soluble T cell hypoglycaemic factor (TCHF). The TCHF acted in a dose-dependent manner and was found to be trypsin-sensitive and thermolabile. It was purified on Superose-12 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gel filtration column and purified protein migrated as a ϳ25-kD band on SDS-PAGE. The JEV-induced hypoglycaemia coincided with an increased circulating glucagon level, without any alterations in blood insulin and growth hormone concentrations. These effects were mimicked by TCHF. These results indicate that JEV-primed T lymphocytes mediate hypoglycaemia through the production of a soluble hypoglycaemic factor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of hypoglycaemia in Japanese encephalitis virus infection: the role of T lymphocytes

Khanna¹,

Mathur²,

Bharadwaj³

et al. 1997

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…We have reported a significant fall in serum iron levels both in mice with JEV infection (Bharadwaj et al . 1991a) and in humans (Bharadwaj et al . 1991b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in plasma glucose levels in Japanese encephalitis patients

Tandon

Singh

Atrishi

et al. 2002

Int J Experimental Path

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Summary.A unique factor, human T cell hypoglycaemic factor (hTCHF), has been shown to produce hypoglycaemia during the convalescent stage in the plasma of patients with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. The present study was undertaken to investigate the ability of T cells from fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of such patients to produce hTCHF. The PBMC, as well as the individual subpopulations, were cultured for 24 h and the culture supernatants (CS) were assayed for hypoglycaemic activity. The activity was observed in the CD8T cells. The hypoglycaemia in JE-confirmed patients coincided with the gradual rise in circulating glucagon level, with no significant alterations in insulin, growth hormone and cortisol levels. The hTCHF was purified by ion exchange chromatography and the purified protein was observed as a $25 kDa band on SDS-PAGE. Secretory hTCHF in the sera of patients and T cell CS was present in 88% of convalescent serum samples. We conclude that during the convalescent stage of JEV infection, a unique factor, hTCHF, is secreted by activated CD8 T cells from patients and that this is responsible for the development of hypoglycaemia.

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Antiviral effect of nitric oxide during Japanese encephalitis virus infection

Saxena

Singh²,

Mathur³

2000

Int J Exp Pathol

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The ability of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and JEV-induced macrophage derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDF) to produce nitric oxide (NO), and the possible antiviral effect of NO during JEV infection, was investigated. Splenic macrophages of JEV infected mice produced maximum NO in vivo at day 7 post infection, and in vitro at 24 h after JEV stimulation. MDF-induced NO production was dose dependent and maximal at 60 min after MDF treatment. The response was sensitive to anti-MDF antibody treatment and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Pretreatment of mice with L-NMMA increased the mortality to 100% in JEV infected mice in vivo and inhibited NO production in vitro, while MDF stimulated macrophages inhibited virus replication with high levels of NO production. MDF treatment increased the survival rate of JEV infected mice. The findings thus demonstrate that MDF induces production of NO during JEV infection, which has an antiviral effect. This may be one of the important mechanisms of natural immunity in controlling the initial stages of JEV infection.

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Prognostic significance of serum iron levels in cases of Japanese encephalitis

Abstract: Summary:Forty-one children with acute laboratory confirmed Japanese encephalitis were studied. Serum iron concentrations were consistently low following Japanese encephalitis virus infection, with the levels being of prognostic significance.

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Induction of hypoglycaemia in Japanese encephalitis virus infection: the role of T lymphocytes

Induction of hypoglycaemia in Japanese encephalitis virus infection: the role of T lymphocytes

Alteration in plasma glucose levels in Japanese encephalitis patients

Antiviral effect of nitric oxide during Japanese encephalitis virus infection

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