Prognostic significance of survivin‐expressing circulating tumour cells in T1G3 bladder cancer

T1G3 high-risk NMIBC (non-muscle invasive bladder cancer): conservative treatment versus immediate cystectomy

“…We have also performed a preliminary study on 54 patients with T1G3 TCC in which CTC were evaluated in a blood sample withdrawn before transurethral resection of the tumour. The results are very promising since circulating cells were found in 44% of patients and 92% of these patients were survivin positive [28]. Clearly, this is the ideal way to obtain better characterization of this neoplasm.…”

Application of a telomerase-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) assay in bladder cancer patients receiving postoperative radiation therapy

“…10 This system incorporates immunomagnetic beads coated with anti-EpCAM antibodies to bind and magnetically precipitate individual epithelial cells, with reports of successful CTC detection in 44-57% of patients with metastatic bladder cancer and 18-30% of patients with advanced non-metastatic bladder cancer. [8][9][10]12,20 It is possible that the detection rates in these groups of patients would be higher if not for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which frequently occurs during the metastatic process and which results in the downregulation of surface markers such as EpCAM. 21 To minimize the risk of EMT interfering with detectability (which would result in "false negatives"), a CTC assay based on elevated telomerase has been developed.…”

“…[2][3][4][5] CTCs have also been explored in bladder carcinoma using epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and survivin-based techniques, finding a wide range (21% to 57%) of advanced stage bladder carcinoma patients with detectable CTC levels. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Assays that rely on surface markers, however, may be susceptible to downregulation, such as that associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).…”

Research Progress in Potential Urinary Markers for the Early Detection, Diagnosis and Follow-up of Human Bladder Cancer

“…Gradilone et al studied 54 patients with T1G3 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The results showed that the survivin was found in half of the tumors, and 92% of CTC (circulating tumour cell) expressed survivin (Gradilone et al, 2010). Shariat et al studied the role of survivin in predicting the recurrence of bladder cancer (Shariat et al, 2009).…”