Prognostic Significance of Systemic Inflammatory Response in Cases of Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Objective/Hypothesis: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temporal bone is an extremely rare condition. This rarity has led to a delay in the establishment of a standard treatment protocol and adequate staging system. Identification of prognostic markers of this disease from a variety of fields is desirable in the establishment of treatment guidelines for temporal bone SCC. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic role of inflammation-based prognostic scores in cases of temporal bone SCC.Study Design: Case reries with chart review. Methods: A total of 71 cases of primary malignancy eligible for curative treatment at a single tertiary medical institute were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyzes were used to investigate the association between the inflammation-based scores and 5-year overall survival.Results: Univariate Cox regression analyzes showed that a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, high platelet-tolymphocyte ratio, low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, a Glasgow prognostic score of 2, and the systemic inflammation score of 2 were significantly associated with a poor prognosis, as well as a classification of T4 stage, presence of cervical lymph node metastasis, high white blood cell counts, and high C-reactive protein levels. The multivariate analysis showed that a clinical stage of T4 and a systemic inflammation score of 2 were independent prognostic markers.Conclusions: Inflammation-based prognostic markers are associated with the survival of patients with temporal bone SCC, as well as other head and neck SCCs.

Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Markers Involved in Carcinogenesis, Behavior, and Prognosis: A Systematic Review

“…In a Japanese series of 71 TBSCC cases treated with curative intent (radical surgery or chemoradiotherapy), Komune et al [12] reported an absolute white blood cell count higher than 8300 cells/µL as a significant predictor of lower OS (HR, 3.244; 95% CI, 1.177-8.936).…”

“…A NLR value of 3.95 was suggested as a possible cut-off for prognostic discrimination. Komune et al [12], in their series of 71 cases, found higher NLR values to be associated with reduced 5-year OS rates, also calculating, using an ROC approach, a NLR value of 3.23 as a prognostically relevant cut-off. They also found PLR values higher than 191.29 to be associated with lower OS.…”

“…Although literature focusing on this topic is based on only a few articles [11,12,17], and, consequently, on a limited number of cases, the existing evidence seems to be remarkably concordant in depicting a higher NLR value as a negative prognostic factor. Conversely, increasing LMR values emerged as a promising positive prognostic factor: values higher than 3.78 were found to predict a higher OS [12], whereas values higher than 3.065 were associated with lower recurrence rate [17].…”

“…The C-reactive protein (CRP) is produced by hepatocytes as a systemic response to cytokine stimulation (particularly interleukin-6) from tumor microenvironment leukocytes, and has been associated with progressive disease and relatively poor survival in patients with different malignancies [80,81]. Regarding the specific setting of TBSCC, CRP values higher than 1 mg/dL were associated with lower OS [12].…”

In reference to Inflammation‐Based Score Predicts Pharyngocutaneous Fistula

“…Because malignancy status and drugs used in the treatment of malignancy affect blood parameters and COP-NLR ratios and cause a significant selection bias in the study results. 5 In consequence, the predictive value of the COP-NLR ratio for PCF should be carefully evaluated along with clinical evaluation and other laboratory methods.…”