Prognostic Usefulness of Blood Leukocyte Changes in Canine Parvoviral Enteritis

Abstract

Background: Despite treatment, many dogs still die of complications related to canine parvoviral (CPV) enteritis. Effective prognostication would be beneficial in managing this disease.Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the occurrence of leukocytopenias at admission and at 24 and 48 hours after admission, and changes in absolute leukocyte counts over time, could be used to predict outcome.Animals: Sixty-two puppies with confirmed CPV. Methods: A prospective study was performed. CBC was performed daily until discharge or death (in which case a postmortem examination was performed).Results: Of the nonsurvivors (10/62; 16%), 9 died because of complications of the disease and 1 was euthanized because of a poor prognosis. There was a statistical significant difference in the occurrence of leukocytopenias between groups at 24 and 48 hours postadmission. The survivors showed a significant increase over time in certain leukocyte types (specifically lymphocytes) compared with values at admission. The positive predictive value for survivors was high. Nonsurvivors had marked thymic and lymphoid atrophy and marked bone marrow hypocellularity.Conclusion: An accurate prognosis could be obtained at 24 hours after admission by evaluating the change in total leukocyte, band neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts.

Prognostic usefulness of some parameters in dogs with canine parvovirus

“…In this study, hematological findings including leukopenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia and granulocytopenia in non-survival puppies were similar to those of previous studies (8,39).…”

“…Canine parvovirus (Parvoviridae type 2a and 2b) has a predilection to infect rapidly dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract, lymphoid tissue, and bone marrow, leading to hemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting, marked leukopenia, and immunosuppression (8). Bacteriemia leads to sepsis in dogs with immunosuppression (4,6,16,25,29,37).…”

Evaluation of the use of serum C-reactive protein concentration to predict outcome in puppies infected with canine parvovirus

“…Results of 1 study 14 indicated that an accurate prognosis could be obtained for puppies with CPV enteritis at 24 hours after admission by evaluating changes in blood leukocyte concentrations. Investigators in another study 7 found that CPV-infected puppies that have lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia at admission are hospitalized for longer periods, compared with puppies without these abnormalities.…”

“…Several studies have been performed to investigate potential prognostic markers in dogs infected with CPV, which include endocrine, 13 hematologic, 14 and biochemical variables. 7,15 In human patients with severe sepsis, mortality rates may exceed 30%, despite advanced supportive care 16 ; these results are similar to those of studies in which mortality rates of 15% 17 to 53% 15 were found for parvovirus-infected puppies that received aggressive supportive care.…”

Leucócitos totais em cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica tratados por autohemoterapia

“…A leucopenia pode estar relacionada à ação de vírus (principalmente parvovírus) sobre as células hematopoiéticas precursoras de vários leucócitos. Pode ser determinada, também, por perda massiva de leucócitos pela parede intestinal (GODDARD et al, 2008). O tratamento tradicional instituído para os cães do estudo foi realizado de acordo com a literatura (SWANGO, 1997;LOPES et al, 2015) e foi efetivo na maioria dos animais já que o índice de recuperação nos dois grupos foi de 65%, semelhante ao relatado na literatura (LOPES et al, 2015).…”