Prognostic Value of Intratumoral Neutrophils in Advanced Gastric Carcinoma in a High-Risk Area in Northern Italy

Abstract

risk of mortality, whereas male patients do not seem to be affected by the level of TINs. These results suggest that women appear to have a better prognosis than men in advanced gastric carcinoma. Gender differences in some host defense mechanisms and particularly in neutrophil function may be responsible for this event. Confirmation of these findings would give valuable insights about host reaction to gastric cancer growth and, ultimately, possibly would have implications regarding the identification of low-risk patients who could be spared adjuvant therapy.

Subtypes of White Blood Cells in Patients with Prostate Cancer or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Healthy Individuals

“…However, hypothethical relationship between increased neutrophils and poor prognosis in cancer has not been widely adopted. On contrast, increased neutrophils were associated with good prognosis in patients with certain types of cancer, such as gastric cancer (Caruso et al, 2002). Fujita et al (2012) found that increased neutrophil count was a good indicator for benign prostate cancer.…”

The Multifaceted Roles Neutrophils Play in the Tumor Microenvironment

“…Clinical data have often related elevated circulating neutrophil counts or elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) as a predictive parameter for poor outcome and formation of distant metastasis in patients with epithelial malignancies [367], including lung [368,170], gastric [159,163,369], renal cell carcinoma [370], ovarian [141], hepatic [143,148,371], pancreatic [138], colon cancer [145,372], and colorectal carcinoma [152] (Table 3). However, Caruso et al [200] observed that when analyzing the amount of tumor-infiltrated neutrophils in advanced gastric carcinoma, in female but not male, patients with higher TANs had a favorable prognosis.…”

“…However, neutrophils are also actively recruited into the tumor microenvironment in both cancer patients and mouse models of cancer. In humans, intratumoral infiltration of neutrophils has been detected in gastric carcinoma [200][201][202], bronchioloalveolar carcinoma [170,203], non-small cell lung carcinoma [204], pancreatic neoplasia [205], pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [206], bladder cancer [147], glioma [207], cervical carcinoma [139] and breast carcinoma [4,208] ( Table 1). The clinical consequences of intratumoral and circulating neutrophils in cancer patients will be discussed in "Prognostic Values of Neutrophils and Other Myeloid Subtypes in Cancer Patients" section.…”

Role of infiltrated leucocytes in tumour growth and spread

“…However, clinical studies have been contradictory. The presence of increased numbers of tumour-infiltrating neutrophils was linked to poorer outcome in patients with adenocarcinoma of the bronchioloalveolar carcinoma subtype (Bellocq et al, 1998), whereas studies of gastric carcinoma suggested that neutrophil infiltration correlated with good prognosis (Caruso et al, 2002). It has been reported that tumours prolong alveolar neutrophil survival through the production of soluble factors (Wislez et al, 2001).…”