Programmable Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy against Breast Cancer Guided by Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging in the Second Near‐Infrared Window

Abstract

to improve therapeutic effects and reduce recurrence of tumors. [3][4][5] Although there have been methodological advances, therapeutic schemes devised to challenge cancers are frequently thwarted due to the lack of correlation between the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of chemodrugs and transplanted immune cells in vivo, which results in inadequate drug/cell dosages and intervals and compromised therapeutic effects. Therefore, a visible method to objectively evaluate and therefore precisely tailor the behaviors of chemodrugs and transplanted cells in vivo to obtain synergistic therapeutic effects would be of great importance.Recently, various imaging techniques including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been employed for in vivo imaging. However, it is hard to realize in situ, real-time imaging of multiple events in living bodies simultaneously due to insufficient spatial resolution, temporal resolution, as well as the safety risk. Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) is an emerging technology which offers deeper tissue penetration, higher spatial resolution, and higher temporal resolution compared with the traditional fluorescence imaging (400-900 nm), due to the reduced photon absorption and scattering as well as negligible tissue autofluorescence. In addition, fluorescence imaging provides multiplexed-channel images for its high spectral resolution. Herein, we demonstrated a novel concept of multiplexed NIR-II fluorescence imaging strategy to program the combinational therapy of tumor, in which the profiles of both chemodrugs and immune cells were simultaneously monitored by taking the advantages of NIR-II imaging technology, and therefore the administration of chemotherapy and immunotherapy could be rationally optimized to obtain the optimal therapeutic efficacy.As a proof of concept depicted in Scheme 1, a two-channel NIR-II imaging method was developed to demonstrate how the chemotherapy and immunotherapy were programed to Combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy have demonstrated great potential in cancer treatment. However, it is difficult to provide clear information of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chemodrugs and transplanted immune cells in vivo by traditional approaches, resulting in inadequate therapy. Here, a multiplexed intravital imaging strategy by using fluorescence in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) is first developed to visualize the two events of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in vivo, so that a combinational administration is programed to improve the therapeutical effects against a mouse model of human breast cancer. In detail, Ag 2 Se quantum dots (QDs) (λ Em = 1350 nm) loaded with stromal-cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and chemodrug doxorubicin (DOX) are first administrated to deliver the SDF-1α and DOX to the tumor site. After their arrival, monitored by Ag 2 Se QD fluoresce...

Surfactant‐Stripped Micelles for NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging through 12 cm of Breast Tissue and Whole Human Breasts

“…[14] In recent years, interest in NIR-II contrast agents has increased. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] For PAI, the use of contrast agents with absorption at 1064 nm matches the output of Nd:YAG pulse lasers, has a higher American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety limit for laser pulse power, and reduces scattering for deep tissue imaging. Many contrast agents have been explored for PAI at 1064 nm including copper sulfide [33] , semi-conducting polymers [34][35][36][37] , gold nanorods [38,39] and others.…”

Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nitric Oxide Delivery Platform for Enhanced Radioimmunotherapy

“…2d). The Ag 2 S quantum dots also had stable and great photothermal effect under different laser power irradiations according to the previous study [43,[48][49][50][51]. The photoacoustic response of Ag 2 S@ BSA-SNO under certain wavelength was also examined by VEVO laser imaging system ( Fig.…”

A nano-cocktail of an NIR-II emissive fluorophore and organoplatinum(ii) metallacycle for efficient cancer imaging and therapy

“…[44][45][46][47] Second, owing to the emission of PSY shiing to the NIR-II channel (1.0-1.7 mm), high-quality images of precise diagnosis and therapy monitoring in vivo could be obtained with deep tissue penetration and at micronscale resolution. [48][49][50] Third, the utilization of F127 could not only endow PSY with excellent solubility and biocompatibility, 51,52 but also enable higher preferential accumulation of both P1 and SY1030 at tumor sites. 52 In contrast to the traditional Pt(II)-based drug cisplatin, our results demonstrated that the designed PSY nanoparticles exhibited a high level of tumor uptake with a superior signal to noise ratio (S/N) ratio for guiding therapy, enhancing the antitumor activities and lowering the adverse side effects in a U87MG tumor-bearing mice model.…”