Programmable hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals Semiconductors

Sternbach, Aaron; Chae, Sang Hoon; Latini, Simone; Rikhter, Andrey; Shao, Yinming; Li, Baichang; Rhodes, Daniel; Kim, Brian; Schuck, P. James; Hübener, Hannes; Giovannini, Umberto De; Xiong, Lin; Sun, Zhonghua; Shi, Norman Nan; Ni, Guangxin; Kissin, Peter; Yu, Nanfang; Millis, Andrew J.; Fogler, M. M.; Lipson, Michal; Xu, Xiaodong; Zhu, Xia; Hone, James; Averitt, Richard D.; Rubio, Ángel; Basov, D. N.

doi:10.1117/12.2589844

Cited by 7 publications

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“…The interplay between grating diffraction and material anisotropy enables unprecedented opportunities for directional, bidirectional, and unidirectional excitation and steering of ultraconfined polariton waves. The concept can be readily extended to other frequency ranges and other anisotropic materials (6,9,(29)(30)(31). We foresee that, beyond the grating orientation angle, other parameters (or degrees of freedom), including incident angle (32), polarization, and grating geometric structures, may be used to further control the polariton diffraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidirectionally excited phonon polaritons in high-symmetry orthorhombic crystals

Zhang

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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Advanced control over the excitation of ultraconfined polaritons—hybrid light and matter waves—empowers unique opportunities for many nanophotonic functionalities, e.g., on-chip circuits, quantum information processing, and controlling thermal radiation. Recent work has shown that highly asymmetric polaritons are directly governed by asymmetries in crystal structures. Here, we experimentally demonstrate extremely asymmetric and unidirectional phonon polariton (PhP) excitation via directly patterning high-symmetry orthorhombic van der Waals (vdW) crystal α-MoO 3 . This phenomenon results from symmetry breaking of momentum matching in polaritonic diffraction in vdW materials. We show that the propagation of PhPs can be versatile and robustly tailored via structural engineering, while PhPs in low-symmetry (e.g., monoclinic and triclinic) crystals are largely restricted by their naturally occurring permittivities. Our work synergizes grating diffraction phenomena with the extreme anisotropy of high-symmetry vdW materials, enabling unexpected control of infrared polaritons along different pathways and opening opportunities for applications ranging from on-chip photonics to directional heat dissipation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidirectionally excited phonon polaritons in high-symmetry orthorhombic crystals

Zhang

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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“…To close this section, we will briefly discuss more possibilities of natural hyperbolic materials, their applications and limitations which may be possible to overcome in combination with HMMs. Firstly, beyond the routes mentioned above, other methods to achieve natural hyperbolicity exist, including photoexcitation of electron-hole pairs in layered transition-metal dichalcogenides for broadband anisotropy [220], and materials with reduced symmetry [221,222], to name just a few. Secondly, since the hyperbolic responses in natural materials have lower loss and promise much larger momentum (meaning higher field confinement), tremendous nanotechnologies are thus possible, such as imaging [31,92,223], hyperlensing [67], biosensing [224,225], waveguide [226], on-chip electro-optic modulator [227], and many others [54,132,228].…”

Section: Natural Hyperbolic Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbolic metamaterials: fusing artificial structures to natural 2D materials

Lee

et al. 2022

eLight

243

136

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Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light. Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation. They are able to support high-k modes and exhibit a high density of states which produce distinctive properties that have been exploited in various applications, such as super-resolution imaging, negative refraction, and enhanced emission control. Here, state-of-the-art hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed, starting from the fundamental principles to applications of artificially structured hyperbolic media to suggest ways to fuse natural two-dimensional hyperbolic materials. The review concludes by indicating the current challenges and our vision for future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials.

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“…1a). The first one involves placing thin crystals of ZrSiSe on patterned gold antennas, which serve as launchers of hyperbolic modes into the interior of the sample 2,3,12 . The second approach utilizes the sharp sample edge to launch the HPPs and reveals characteristic higherorder hyperbolic modes 2,7 .…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the hyperbolic regime, the interaction of light with collective modes of the matter results in hyperbolic polaritons exhibiting exotic properties including ray-like waveguiding inside the crystals at deeply subdiffractional wavelength. Propagating hyperbolic polaritons were previously explored in polar insulators, including: hBN 1,7 , MoO3 8,9 , V2O5 10 , calcite 11 and in semiconducting WSe2 12 . Layered anisotropic metals have been predicted to manifest hyperbolicity across a broad spectrum 4,[13][14][15] .…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperbolic Plasmons Propagate through a Nodal Metal

Shao

Sternbach

Kim

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Metals are canonical plasmonic media at infrared and optical wavelengths allowing one to guide and manipulate light at sub-diffractional length scales. A special form of optical waveguiding is offered by highly anisotropic crystals revealing different signs of the dielectric function along orthogonal directions. These latter types of media are classified as hyperbolic and many crystalline insulators, semiconductors and artificial metal-based metamaterials belong to that class. Layered anisotropic metals are also anticipated to support hyperbolic waveguiding. Yet this behavior remains elusive primarily because interband processes introduce extreme losses and arrest light propagation. Here, we report on the observation of propagating hyperbolic waves in a prototypical layered nodal-line semimetal ZrSiSe. The unique electronic structure with touching energy bands at nodal points/lines suppresses losses and enables a hyperbolic regime at the telecommunications frequencies. The observed waveguiding in metallic ZrSiSe is a product of polaritonic hybridization between near-infrared light and long-lived nodal-line plasmons. By mapping the energy-momentum dispersion of the nodal-line hyperbolic modes in ZrSiSe we inquired into the role of additional screening associated with the surface states.

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Programmable hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals Semiconductors

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Unidirectionally excited phonon polaritons in high-symmetry orthorhombic crystals

Unidirectionally excited phonon polaritons in high-symmetry orthorhombic crystals

Hyperbolic metamaterials: fusing artificial structures to natural 2D materials

Hyperbolic Plasmons Propagate through a Nodal Metal

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