2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03406.x
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Programmed death ligand 2 regulates arginase induction and modifies Trypanosoma cruzi survival in macrophages during murine experimental infection

Abstract: Summary The programmed death ligands 1 (PD‐L1) and 2 (PD‐L2) that bind to programmed death 1 (PD‐1) have been involved in peripheral tolerance and in the immune escape mechanisms during chronic viral infections and cancer. However, there are no reports about the role of these molecules during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We have studied the role of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in T. cruzi infection and their importance in arginase/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) balance in the immunomodulatory properties of macropha… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…Incidentally, nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in control of chronic toxoplasmosis (45). Recently, PD-L1 expression has been shown to downregulate iNOS expression and NO production by peritoneal macrophages in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice (46). In light of this finding and the observation that donor CD8 ϩ T cells downregulate PD-L1 expression on endogenous leukocytes in our model, it is tempting to speculate that another mechanism of CD8-mediated parasite control may be increased NO production by macrophages via PD-L1 downregulation.…”
Section: Cd8mentioning
confidence: 49%
“…Incidentally, nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in control of chronic toxoplasmosis (45). Recently, PD-L1 expression has been shown to downregulate iNOS expression and NO production by peritoneal macrophages in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice (46). In light of this finding and the observation that donor CD8 ϩ T cells downregulate PD-L1 expression on endogenous leukocytes in our model, it is tempting to speculate that another mechanism of CD8-mediated parasite control may be increased NO production by macrophages via PD-L1 downregulation.…”
Section: Cd8mentioning
confidence: 49%
“…Cytotoxic T. lymphocyte cells represented one of the most important effectors cells in anti tumor immunity mechanisms. T cells activation and expansion are regulated by both positive and negative co-stimulatory receptors (Dulgerian et al, 2011). Several studies documented the usage of costimulatory molecule as an antitumor immunotherapy to trigger and enhance strong T-cell response against tumor by different combination approaches (Xiao et al, 2007).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies suggest that PD-L1 expression can preferentially regulate the Th1 response, whereas PD-L2 can regulate the Th2 response (Loke and Allison, 2003;Lázár-Molnár et al, 2008). Therefore, PD-L1 and PD-L2 function may depend on the microenvironmental tissue and cytokines (Dulgerian et al, 2011). However, only one study in dogs evaluated PD-1 expression in CD4 + and CD8 + cells during VL (Esch et al, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…The cells were grown on 24-well plates (Costar, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in the presence of 5 g/mL of blocking antibodies to PD-1, PD-L1 or PD-L2 (Dulgerian et al, 2011) or isotype controls. The cultures were incubated at 37 • C in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 72 h. The cells were used for the assessment of CD3 + T cell apoptosis, and the culture supernatants were centrifuged at 2500 rpm and stored in the freezer at −80 • C for TNF-␣ and IL-4 measurements or at −20 • C for nitric oxide measurements.…”
Section: Culture Of Peripheral Blood and Splenic Mononuclear Cells Frmentioning
confidence: 99%
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