Programmed For Despair? The Dynamics of Low Morale/High Burnout Welfare Organisations.

Desired Service Outcomes:

“…efficiency (Knapp, 1987;Whiltington, 1988), goal attainment (Rack, 1987), strategic planning (Webster & Wylie, 1988). decentralized structure (Tropman, 1989), participative management (Malka, 1989), morale (Crago, 1988), management information systems (Schervish, 1989), computers in service delivery (Flynn, 1990), management audit (Sugarman, 1988), program evaluation (Hubeman, 1984), purchase of service contracting (Kettner & Martin, 1985), and resource exchange redundancy (Sweeter, 1989). However, this work does not lead to a cumulative knowledge-base of effectiveness.…”

Functional Families: Functional Teams

“…It is merely recognition that prior exposure to a toxic family environment may well increase a person's capacity to tolerate other toxic environments including in the workplace (Crago, 1988). It is also inevitable that, for some, these survival strategies, which have long ago outgrown their usefulness, have remained intact and have now become a hindrance to the development of nurturing, safe adult relationships.…”

“…This is not inevitable, however, and even when it does occur, it is not a statement of blame. It is merely recognition that prior exposure to a toxic family environment may well increase a person's capacity to tolerate other toxic environments including in the workplace (Crago, 1988).…”