Programmed ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 and the SARS–CoV

Brierley, Ian; Ramos, Fernanda

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.008

Cited by 151 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…This is caused by a -1 ribosomal frameshift immediately after the NC region which in HIV occurs in approximately 5% of GAG translations [133]. In SRLV, the frame shift stimulatory RNA is a pseudoknot with an interstem element, unlike that of HIV which is usually a two stem helix [135,136]. SRLV pol contains the viral protease, reverse transcriptase, RNaseH, dUTPase and integrase functions (in this order N to C).…”

Section: Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cousins that Take a Long View

Blacklaws

Harkiss²

2010

CHR

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are related retroviruses that cause multisystem disease usually over a long period of time. The viruses show similarities and differences in biological and pathogenic features. The basic retroviral genomic organization is complicated by the presence of a variable number of accessory genes in both viruses, though the structure is more complex in HIV. Both are mucosal pathogens, and infect cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. The main difference in cell tropism is that, unlike HIV, SRLV do not infect lymphocytes. A major feature of both pathogens is restricted replication and virus latency, which are partly responsible for the establishment of chronic infection usually lasting for life. The pathologies observed are similar in the early stages of both infections, and possibly following highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). While the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease during symptomatic stages is mainly due to secondary infections and neoplastic conditions, the early and post-HAART stages are associated with chronic inflammatory changes that resemble those found in SRLV diseases which are thought to be mediated by anti-virus immune responses.

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Section: Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cousins that Take a Long View

Blacklaws

Harkiss²

2010

CHR

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“…ORF1b expression requires a programmed (-1) ribosomal frameshift that occurs just upstream of the ORF1a stop codon in about 20-30% of translation events. 10,[14][15][16] As a result, two large polyproteins called pp1a (450-500 kDa) and pp1ab (750-800 kDa) are produced, with pp1ab being a C-terminally extended version of pp1a. 17,18 The translational regulation of ORF1b expression by ribosomal frameshifting implies that ORF1a-encoded proteins are produced in significantly higher amounts compared to ORF1b-encoded domains, such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase and ribonuclease(s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nidovirus ribonucleases: Structures and functions in viral replication

Ulferts¹,

Ziebuhr²

2011

RNA Biology

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“…Typically, a very heterogeneous mix of papers is needed to support the painting. For instance, for this painting I found an electron microscope study of circular polysomes (Yazaki 2000), a 3D electron tomograph reconstruction of the ribosomal initiation complex (Sonenberg 2009), and modeled structures of the RNA hairpin involved in frameshifting (Brierley 2006). Available literature and diagrams from standard texts, endoscopic pictures from relevant publications, rectangular jar of transparent perspex /acrylic, thermofoam / thermocol pieces, colored transparent thick polythene / glass paper sheets, scissors, sharp razors, iron wires, pins, adhesive gum, etc.…”

Section: Gathering Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%