Programming Reversibly Self‐Folding Origami with Micropatterned Photo‐Crosslinkable Polymer Trilayers

Na, Jun‐Hee; Evans, Arthur A.; Bae, Jinhye; Chiappelli, Maria C.; Santangelo, Christian; Lang, Robert J.; Hull, Thomas; Hayward, Ryan C.

doi:10.1002/adma.201403510

Cited by 414 publications

(393 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Folding is actually localized bending, so these terms are sometimes used interchangeably 8. So far, many stimuli‐responsive polymers have been investigated and employed to fabricate 3D structures including hydrogels,9 shape memory polymers,10 thermoresponsive polymers,11 and gradient polymeric composites 12. Moreover, the frequently used external stimuli to trigger a shape change in stimuli‐responsive polymers include solvents,13 electricity,14 pneumatic stimulus,15 mechanical stimulus,16 heat,17 and light 18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light‐Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3D Structures

et al. 2017

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3D structure assembly in advanced functional materials is important for many areas of technology. Here, a new strategy exploits IR light‐driven bilayer polymeric composites for autonomic origami assembly of 3D structures. The bilayer sheet comprises a passive layer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and an active layer comprising reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), thermally expanding microspheres (TEMs), and PDMS. The corresponding fabrication method is versatile and simple. Owing to the large volume expansion of the TEMs, the two layers exhibit large differences in their coefficients of thermal expansion. The RGO‐TEM‐PDMS/PDMS bilayers can deflect toward the PDMS side upon IR irradiation via the cooperative effect of the photothermal effect of the RGOs and the expansion of the TEMs, and exhibit excellent light‐driven, a large bending deformation, and rapid responsive properties. The proposed RGO‐TEM‐PDMS/PDMS composites with excellent light‐driven bending properties are demonstrated as active hinges for building 3D geometries such as bidirectionally folded columns, boxes, pyramids, and cars. The folding angle (ranging from 0° to 180°) is well‐controlled by tuning the active hinge length. Furthermore, the folded 3D architectures can permanently preserve the deformed shape without energy supply. The presented approach has potential in biomedical devices, aerospace applications, microfluidic devices, and 4D printing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light‐Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3D Structures

et al. 2017

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“…Controlled actuation of thin materials via patterned folds has led to a variety of self-assembly strategies in polymer gels [8] and shape-memory materials [4], as well elastocapillary self-assembly [9], leading to the design of a new category of shape-transformable materials inspired by origami design. The origami repertoire itself, buoyed by advances in the mathematics of folding and the burgeoning field of computational geometry [10], is no longer limited to designs of animals and children's toys that dominate the art in popular consciousness, but now includes tessellations, corrugations, and other non-representational structures whose mechanical properties are of interest from a scientific perspective.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lattice mechanics of origami tessellations

2015

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Origami-based design holds promise for developing materials whose mechanical properties are tuned by crease patterns introduced to thin sheets. Although there has been heuristic developments in constructing patterns with desirable qualities, the bridge between origami and physics has yet to be fully developed. To truly consider origami structures as a class of materials, methods akin to solid mechanics need to be developed to understand their long-wavelength behavior. We introduce here a lattice theory for examining the mechanics of origami tessellations in terms of the topology of their crease pattern and the relationship between the folds at each vertex. This formulation provides a general method for associating mechanical properties with periodic folded structures, and allows for a concrete connection between more conventional materials and the mechanical metamaterials constructed using origami-based design.While for hundreds of years origami has existed as an artistic endeavor, recent decades have seen the application of folding thin materials to the fields of architecture, engineering, and material science [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Controlled actuation of thin materials via patterned folds has led to a variety of self-assembly strategies in polymer gels [8] and shape-memory materials [4], as well elastocapillary self-assembly [9], leading to the design of a new category of shape-transformable materials inspired by origami design. The origami repertoire itself, buoyed by advances in the mathematics of folding and the burgeoning field of computational geometry [10], is no longer limited to designs of animals and children's toys that dominate the art in popular consciousness, but now includes tessellations, corrugations, and other non-representational structures whose mechanical properties are of interest from a scientific perspective. These properties originate from the confluence of geometry and mechanical constraints that are an intrinsic part of origami, and ultimately allow for the construction of mechanical meta-materials using origami-based design [1-4, 6, 11-13]. In this paper we formulate a general theory for periodic lattices of folds in thin materials, and combine the language of traditional lattice solid mechanics with the geometric theory underlying origami.A distinct characteristic of all thin materials is that geometric constraints dominate the mechanical response of the structure. Because of this strong coupling between shape and mechanics, it is far more likely for a thin sheet to deform by bending without stretching. Strategically weakening a material with a crease or fold, and thus lowering the energetic cost of stretching, allows complex deformations and re-ordering of the material for negligible elastic energy cost. This vanishing energy cost, especially combined with increased control over micro-and nanoscopic material systems, indicates the great promise for structures whose characteristics depend primarily on geometry, rather than material composition.By patterning creases, hinges, or fold...

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“…Shrinking sheet materials are used to assemble structural [4] and functional parts [34]. While some use external actuation energy like baking [26] or local light absorption [23], some researchers leverage the advantages of joule heating with thin copper traces for local heat actuation [4]. Previous work on reversible material shape actuation for sheets using nitinol [13] and electroactive polymers [27] is impossible to reproduce without expensive equipment.…”

Section: Shape Changing Sheet Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-folding robotics is a domain dedicated to developing autonomously self-assembling robots, often inspired by origami folding patterns [13,26,27]. In contrast with other electromechanical methods for self-assembly, self-folding robotics focuses on shape actuation material actuation mechanisms instead of motors or other external devices [13].…”

Section: Shape Changing Sheet Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

uniMorph

Heibeck

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Silva

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software &Amp; Technology

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Figure 1. uniMorph contributes a rapid digital fabrication approach enabling designers to print custom shape-changing composites. With its multitude of capabilities for transformation and integration of electronics it facilitates a wide range of applications in shape-changing interfaces. ABSTRACTResearchers have been investigating shape-changing interfaces, however technologies for thin, reversible shape change remain complicated to fabricate. uniMorph is an enabling technology for rapid digital fabrication of customized thinfilm shape-changing interfaces. By combining the thermoelectric characteristics of copper with the high thermal expansion rate of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, we are able to actuate the shape of flexible circuit composites directly. The shape-changing actuation is enabled by a temperature driven mechanism and reduces the complexity of fabrication for thin shape-changing interfaces. In this paper we describe how to design and fabricate thin uniMorph composites. We present composites that are actuated by either environmental temperature changes or active heating of embedded structures and provide a systematic overview of shapechanging primitives. Finally, we present different sensing techniques that leverage the existing copper structures or can be seamlessly embedded into the uniMorph composite. To demonstrate the wide applicability of uniMorph, we present several applications in ubiquitous and mobile computing.

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Programming Reversibly Self‐Folding Origami with Micropatterned Photo‐Crosslinkable Polymer Trilayers

Cited by 414 publications

References 51 publications

Graphene‐Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light‐Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3D Structures

Graphene‐Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light‐Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3D Structures

Lattice mechanics of origami tessellations

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