Programozás és átprogramozás fogamzástól mindhalálig

Csaba, G.

doi:10.1556/650.2020.31764

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…[ 243 ] Additionally, ACTH is produced by other brain regions and peripheral tissues (e.g., gastrointestinal tract, lymphocytes), where if present in abundant concentrations, can travel to the brain parenchyma and engage in “short‐loop” negative feedback on the hypothalamus with downstream consequences on systemic physiology and behavior. [ 89,244–247 ] As alluded to previously, neuropeptides influence cognitive function due to their actions in cortical and subcortical brain regions. [ 248 ] Furthering our discussion using the neuropeptide ACTH as an example, several seminal papers have demonstrated the role of ACTH in adaptive behavior in preclinical models.…”

Section: Neuropeptides In Cancer‐associated Behavioral Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptides in Cancer: Friend and Foe?

Berisha

Borniger

2022

Advanced Biology

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highly dynamic network of various cell types (e.g., cancer cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts) that exert differential effects on neuronal activity within the local environment. Thus, complex signaling between cancer and stromal cells in the TME results in altered firing rates of local nerves. Reciprocally, increased neuronal activity and subsequent release of classical neurotransmitters and/or neuropeptides within the TME results in enhanced cancer progression and subsequent metastasis in various preclinical models and clinical studies. [5][6][7][8][9] Nerves interact with multiple stromal cells in the TME where they indirectly promote tumor growth, progression, and subsequent metastasis. [10] Several studies have demonstrated that sympathetic nerve innervation and subsequent release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) is increased in breast tumors. [6,8,9] However, recent work has demonstrated that there is an inverse relationship between tumor weight and norepinephrine content (i.e., larger the size of the tumor, the lower the levels of NE), despite increased innervation of sympathetic nerves within the TME. [11] These findings may be attributed to a relatively unexplored phenomenon: neuropeptide release within the TME. Neuropeptides are molecular messengers that regulate a variety of functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems via binding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on target cells. One of the many functions of neuropeptides is serving as growth factors for normal cells via the activation of the heterotrimeric G protein Gq and subsequent synthesis of second messengers and engagement of tyrosine phosphorylation cascades. Neuropeptides act as neuromodulators, in that they can alter the response of neurons to neurotransmitters and other circulating signals, such as leptin, ghrelin, glucose, and insulin-all of which are affected during cancer progression. [12][13][14][15][16][17] For example, both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and hypocretin/orexin neurons appear to mediate some of the orexigenic effects of centrally administered ghrelin as administration of NPY receptor antagonists attenuated ghrelininduced feeding. Similarly, ghrelin-induced feeding was suppressed in orexin knockout mice, indicating that ghrelin may stimulate feeding through both the orexin and NPY systems. [18] However, neuropeptide signaling is exploited within cancer cells and many studies demonstrate the contribution of neuropeptides in tumor cell proliferation and migration, [19] with many major neuropeptides also potentially contributing to cancer processes (see Table 1). Additionally, neuropeptides exert direct Neuropeptides are small regulatory molecules found throughout the body, most notably in the nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. They serve as neurotransmitters or hormones in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Cancer cells escape normal growth control mechanisms by altering their expression of growth factors, receptors, or intracellular signals, and neuropeptid...

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Section: Neuropeptides In Cancer‐associated Behavioral Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%