Programs for control of congenital toxoplasmosis

Lopes-Mori, Fabiana Maria Ruiz; Mitsuka‐Breganó, Regina; Capobiango, Jaqueline Dario; Inoue, Inácio Teruo; Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci; Morimoto, Helena Kaminami; Casella, Antônio Marcelo Barbante; Bittencourt, Laura Helena França de Barros; Freire, Roberta Lemos; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico

doi:10.1016/s0104-4230(11)70117-8

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Toxoplasma gondii infection can be successfully managed and kept under control if recognized timely. But, the drugs currently recommended for the toxoplasmosis cannot effectively eliminate the parasite, which remains present under the form of tissue cysts . Moreover, drugs have side effects such as neutropenia, severe drop of platelet count, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, abnormalities and hypersensitivity reactions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, the drugs currently recommended for the toxoplasmosis cannot effectively eliminate the parasite, which remains present under the form of tissue cysts. 6,7 Moreover, drugs have side effects such as neutropenia, severe drop of platelet count, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, abnormalities and hypersensitivity reactions. 7,8 To control and prevent the disease harmful effects, development of a vaccine against toxoplasmosis is highlighted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the immune response in BALB/c mice induced by a novel DNA vaccine expressing GRA14 against Toxoplasma gondii

Ahmadpour

Sarvi

Soteh

et al. 2017

Parasite Immunology

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Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe and even fatal disease in human beings and animals. Effective vaccines may contribute to control toxoplasmosis. GRA14, a novel secreted dense granule protein of T. gondii, has been proposed as a vaccine candidate due to its intervacuolar transport and unique topology in the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding GRA14 of T. gondii. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly three times at 2 week intervals and challenged with T. gondii RH strain 5 weeks later. The immune responses were evaluated using lymphocyte proliferation assay, cytokine and antibody measurements. In addition, the survival times and parasite load of mice challenged with the virulent T. gondii RH strain were evaluated. The results showed that the mice immunized with pcGRA14 induced both enhanced specific humoral and Th1 cellular immune responses, and also mice immunized with the pcGRA14 showed an increased survival time and decreased parasite load compared with control groups (P<.05). The results indicated, for the first time, that the GRA14 is a potential DNA vaccine against toxoplasmosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the immune response in BALB/c mice induced by a novel DNA vaccine expressing GRA14 against Toxoplasma gondii

Ahmadpour

Sarvi

Soteh

et al. 2017

Parasite Immunology

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“…In Brazil, this fact was unknown until 2010, when mandatory reporting was implemented requiring the assessment of a program to control for congenital toxoplasmosis throughout this country [17]. Goiânia, the capital of Goiás, is located in the central-western region of Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital toxoplasmosis and prenatal care state programs

et al. 2014

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BackgroundControl programs have been executed in an attempt to reduce vertical transmission and the severity of congenital infection in regions with a high incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. We aimed to evaluate whether treatment of pregnant women with spiramycin associated with a lack of monitoring for toxoplasmosis seroconversion affects the prognosis of patients.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study with 246 newborns (NB) at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis in Goiânia (Brazil) between October 2003 and October 2011. We analyzed the efficacy of maternal treatment with spiramycin.ResultsA total of 40.7% (66/162) of the neonates were born seriously infected. Vertical transmission associated with reactivation during pregnancy occurred in 5.5% (9/162) of the NB, with one showing severe infection (systemic). The presence of specific immunoglobulins (fetal IgM and NB IgA) suggested the worst prognosis. Treatment of pregnant women by spiramycin resulted in reduced vertical transmission. When infected pregnant women did not undergo proper treatment, the risk of severe infection (neural-optical) in NB was significantly increased. Fetal IgM was associated with ocular impairment in 48.0% (12/25) of the fetuses and neonatal IgA-specific was related to the neuro-ophthalmologic and systemic forms of the disease. When acute toxoplasmosis was identified in the postpartum period, a lack of monitoring of seronegative pregnant women resulted in a higher risk of severe congenital infection.ConclusionTreatment of pregnant women with spiramycin reduces the possibility of transmission of infection to the fetus. However, a lack of proper treatment is associated with the onset of the neural-optical form of congenital infection. Primary preventive measures should be increased for all pregnant women during the prenatal period and secondary prophylaxis through surveillance of seroconversion in seronegative pregnant woman should be introduced to reduce the severity of congenital infection in the environment.

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“…T. gondii can invade and replicate within any nucleated cell of vertebrate hosts, including humans. Invasion by T. gondii tachyzoites is mediated by the sequential regulated release of specialized secretory organelles of the parasite including the micronemes, rhoptries, and dense granules [10,11,12]. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii must invade host cells to survive and replicate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis and Role of Cathepsin L-like and Cathepsin B-like Genes as Risk Factors for Abnormal Pregnancy Outcome

omer

Alsakee

2020

MJS

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Background and objectives: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii must invade host cells to survive and replicate. Five cathepsin proteases are encoded in the genome of T. gondii, cathepsin L like protein, cathepsin B like protein, and three cathepsin C like proteins. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women in Erbil, and to study the role of cathepsin B and cathepsin L genes in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis as well as their role as risk factors for abnormal pregnancy outcome. Methods: This is a cross sectional study was carried out in Erbil from October 2018 to March 2019. A total of 230 women at their reproductive age and who attended Maternity Teaching Hospital and Nazdar Bamarni primary Health Center were enrolled. Anti- toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by cobas 6000. Toxoplasma cathepsin B and cathepsin L – like genes were selected to be targets in PCR. Results: Anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM were seropositive in 105 (45.7%) and 18 (7.8%) women, respectively. Of those women who were seropositive for toxoplasmosis, only 15(6.5%) of them were carrying both anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM. No significant association of toxoplasmosis and educational level, socioeconomic level, age, history of abortion, abnormal baby birth weight were observed. PCR targeting cathepsin L was more sensitive to be used in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis is relatively high in Erbil and cathepsin L gene is an efficient target for PCR and could be used as risk factor for abnormal pregnancy outcome.

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Programs for control of congenital toxoplasmosis

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluation of the immune response in BALB/c mice induced by a novel DNA vaccine expressing GRA14 against Toxoplasma gondii

Evaluation of the immune response in BALB/c mice induced by a novel DNA vaccine expressing GRA14 against Toxoplasma gondii

Congenital toxoplasmosis and prenatal care state programs

Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis and Role of Cathepsin L-like and Cathepsin B-like Genes as Risk Factors for Abnormal Pregnancy Outcome

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