“…If one systematically compares the way arguments in support of, and against, the use of ISALs in higher education are differentially presented, the opposing ideological beliefs that underpin each side become clearer. Arguments for the inclusion of ISALs generally aim to highlight pedagogical theories about the role of language in learning as well as the tenets of a truly decolonised and democratic state (Cummins, 1980(Cummins, , 2000Heugh, 2000;Ndimande-Hlongwa, Balfour, Mkhize, & Engelbrecht, 2010;Skutnabb-Kangas, 2009). Arguments against the inclusion of ISALs, including those of black South African higher education students, seem to echo utterances of the colonial and apartheid eras (Alexander, 2001;Department of Bantu Education, 1962;Elliott & Gurrey, 1940;Reagan, 1987;van Dyk, 1967).…”