Progress and challenges of prelithiation technology for lithium‐ion battery

Abstract

Prelithiation technology is widely considered a feasible route to raise the energy density and elongate the cycle life of lithium‐ion batteries. The principle of prelithiation is to introduce extra active Li ions in the battery so that the lithium loss during the first charge and long‐term cycling can be compensated. Such an effect does not need to change the major electrode material or battery structure and is compatible with the majority of current lithium‐ion battery production lines. At this stage, various prelithiation methods have been reported, some of which are already in the pilot‐scale production stage. But there is still no definitive development roadmap for prelithiation. In this review, we first introduce the influence of prelithiation on electrochemical performance from a theoretical point of view and then compare the pros and cons of different prelithiation methods in different battery manufacturing stages. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future development trends of prelithiation. We aim to build up a bridge between academic research and industrial application. Some engineering problems in the promotion of prelithiation technique are extensively discussed, including not only the implementation of prelithiation but also some collateral issues on battery designing and management.

Improving Cycle Life of Silicon-Dominant Anodes Based on Microscale Silicon Particles under Partial Lithiation

“…However, industrial implementation of prelithiation in large-volume cell production has not yet been achieved due to the reactivity of lithium, prelithiated anode materials or prelithiation reagents with water and oxygen and due to the resulting demanding processing equipment and safety precautions. Currently, different prelithiation techniques are under investigation and are evaluated according to their different fields of application and economic feasibility [31][32][33].…”

“…In a recent study [25], continuous formation of SEI was identified as the dominant failure mechanism, while other degradation mechanisms, such as particle decoupling from the conductivity electrode network, come into play when low cut-off voltages are applied. Consequently, strategies of increasing cell performance [26] are based on optimizing the electronic connection between Si particles [4], reducing the material surface area, developing improved electrolyte systems [27][28][29] and/or prelithiation strategies [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Each of these strategies has been studied in detail but not yet optimized for the partially lithiated microsilicon and applied together to improve its electrochemical stability.…”

Prelithiation: A Critical Strategy Towards Practical Application of High‐Energy‐Density Batteries

“…[179] It is worth noting that Fan et al [40] The standard of ideal cathode prelithiation. [52,90,[148][149][150] d) The specific capacities of different cathode prelithium additives. [39,41,120, For the first time, Martin et al [180] used Li [181] Li 2 CO 3 /LiCoO 2 composites [182] were proposed as the cathode prelithiation materials; however, the proportion of inactive components such as catalysts, conductors are too high, which reduce the advantages of the high specific capacity.…”

“…b) Potential (V) requirement for ideal cathode additives. c) The standard of ideal cathode prelithiation [52,90,[148][149][150]. d) The specific capacities of different cathode prelithium additives [39,41,120,.…”

Novel Composite Separators Based on Heterometallic Metal‐Organic Frameworks Improve the Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…With the rapidly growing market of consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage, there is a need for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with improved performance. [1,2] Accordingly, extensive efforts have been made to develop better LIB components, such as electrodes, [3,4] electrolytes, [5] and separators. [6] Separator is an essential component of LIBs, as it affects ion transport and safety performance, [7] which requires high electrolyte wettability, ion permeability, and stability to sustain various abuse conditions.…”